* Implement multi-target for hist.
- Add new hist tree builder.
- Move data fetchers for tests.
- Dispatch function calls in gbm base on the tree type.
- Define a new tree struct embedded in the `RegTree`.
- Provide dispatching functions in `RegTree`.
- Fix some c++-17 warnings about the use of nodiscard (currently we disable the warning on
the CI).
- Use uint32_t instead of size_t for `bst_target_t` as it has a defined size and can be used
as part of dmlc parameter.
- Hide the `Segment` struct inside the categorical split matrix.
- Remove unused parameters. There are still many warnings that are not yet
addressed. Currently, the warnings in dmlc-core dominate the error log.
- Remove `distributed` parameter from metric.
- Fixes some warnings about signed comparison.
Support adaptive tree, a feature supported by both sklearn and lightgbm. The tree leaf is recomputed based on residue of labels and predictions after construction.
For l1 error, the optimal value is the median (50 percentile).
This is marked as experimental support for the following reasons:
- The value is not well defined for distributed training, where we might have empty leaves for local workers. Right now I just use the original leaf value for computing the average with other workers, which might cause significant errors.
- Some follow-ups are required, for exact, pruner, and optimization for quantile function. Also, we need to calculate the initial estimation.
* Generate column matrix from gHistIndex.
* Avoid synchronization with the sparse page once the cache is written.
* Cleanups: Remove member variables/functions, change the update routine to look like approx and gpu_hist.
* Remove pruner.
* Extract partitioner from hist.
* Implement categorical data support by passing the gradient index directly into the partitioner.
* Organize/update document.
* Remove code for negative hessian.
* Implement `MaxCategory` in quantile.
* Implement partition-based split for GPU evaluation. Currently, it's based on the existing evaluation function.
* Extract an evaluator from GPU Hist to store the needed states.
* Added some CUDA stream/event utilities.
* Update document with references.
* Fixed a bug in approx evaluator where the number of data points is less than the number of categories.
Other than modularizing the split evaluation function, this PR also removes some more functions including `InitNewNodes` and `BuildNodeStats` among some other unused variables. Also, scattered code like setting leaf weights is grouped into the split evaluator and `NodeEntry` is simplified and made private. Another subtle difference with the original implementation is that the modified code doesn't call `tree[nidx].Parent()` to traversal upward.
