xgboost/src/common/quantile.cu
2024-04-22 09:35:31 -07:00

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/**
* Copyright 2020-2024, XGBoost Contributors
*/
#include <thrust/binary_search.h>
#include <thrust/execution_policy.h>
#include <thrust/iterator/constant_iterator.h>
#include <thrust/iterator/discard_iterator.h>
#include <thrust/transform_scan.h>
#include <thrust/unique.h>
#include <limits> // std::numeric_limits
#include <numeric> // for partial_sum
#include <utility>
#include "../collective/communicator-inl.cuh"
#include "categorical.h"
#include "common.h"
#include "device_helpers.cuh"
#include "hist_util.h"
#include "quantile.cuh"
#include "quantile.h"
#include "transform_iterator.h" // MakeIndexTransformIter
#include "xgboost/span.h"
namespace xgboost::common {
using WQSketch = HostSketchContainer::WQSketch;
using SketchEntry = WQSketch::Entry;
// Algorithm 4 in XGBoost's paper, using binary search to find i.
template <typename EntryIter>
__device__ SketchEntry BinarySearchQuery(EntryIter beg, EntryIter end, float rank) {
assert(end - beg >= 2);
rank *= 2;
auto front = *beg;
if (rank < front.rmin + front.rmax) {
return *beg;
}
auto back = *(end - 1);
if (rank >= back.rmin + back.rmax) {
return back;
}
auto search_begin = dh::MakeTransformIterator<float>(
beg, [=] __device__(SketchEntry const &entry) {
return entry.rmin + entry.rmax;
});
auto search_end = search_begin + (end - beg);
auto i =
thrust::upper_bound(thrust::seq, search_begin + 1, search_end - 1, rank) -
search_begin - 1;
if (rank < (*(beg + i)).RMinNext() + (*(beg + i + 1)).RMaxPrev()) {
return *(beg + i);
} else {
return *(beg + i + 1);
}
}
template <typename InEntry, typename ToSketchEntry>
void PruneImpl(common::Span<SketchContainer::OffsetT const> cuts_ptr,
Span<InEntry const> sorted_data,
Span<size_t const> columns_ptr_in, // could be ptr for data or cuts
Span<FeatureType const> feature_types, Span<SketchEntry> out_cuts,
ToSketchEntry to_sketch_entry) {
dh::LaunchN(out_cuts.size(), [=] __device__(size_t idx) {
size_t column_id = dh::SegmentId(cuts_ptr, idx);
auto out_column = out_cuts.subspan(
cuts_ptr[column_id], cuts_ptr[column_id + 1] - cuts_ptr[column_id]);
auto in_column = sorted_data.subspan(columns_ptr_in[column_id],
columns_ptr_in[column_id + 1] -
columns_ptr_in[column_id]);
auto to = cuts_ptr[column_id + 1] - cuts_ptr[column_id];
idx -= cuts_ptr[column_id];
auto front = to_sketch_entry(0ul, in_column, column_id);
auto back = to_sketch_entry(in_column.size() - 1, in_column, column_id);
auto is_cat = IsCat(feature_types, column_id);
if (in_column.size() <= to || is_cat) {
// cut idx equals sample idx
out_column[idx] = to_sketch_entry(idx, in_column, column_id);
return;
}
// 1 thread for each output. See A.4 for detail.
auto d_out = out_column;
if (idx == 0) {
d_out.front() = front;
return;
}
if (idx == to - 1) {
d_out.back() = back;
return;
}
float w = back.rmin - front.rmax;
auto budget = static_cast<float>(d_out.size());
assert(budget != 0);
auto q = ((static_cast<float>(idx) * w) / (static_cast<float>(to) - 1.0f) + front.rmax);
auto it = dh::MakeTransformIterator<SketchEntry>(
thrust::make_counting_iterator(0ul), [=] __device__(size_t idx) {
auto e = to_sketch_entry(idx, in_column, column_id);
return e;
});
d_out[idx] = BinarySearchQuery(it, it + in_column.size(), q);
});
}
template <typename T, typename U>
void CopyTo(Span<T> out, Span<U> src) {
CHECK_EQ(out.size(), src.size());
static_assert(std::is_same<std::remove_cv_t<T>, std::remove_cv_t<T>>::value);
dh::safe_cuda(cudaMemcpyAsync(out.data(), src.data(),
out.size_bytes(),
cudaMemcpyDefault));
}
// Compute the merge path.
common::Span<thrust::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t>> MergePath(
Span<SketchEntry const> const &d_x, Span<bst_idx_t const> const &x_ptr,
Span<SketchEntry const> const &d_y, Span<bst_idx_t const> const &y_ptr,
Span<SketchEntry> out, Span<bst_idx_t> out_ptr) {
auto x_merge_key_it = thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(
dh::MakeTransformIterator<bst_idx_t>(
thrust::make_counting_iterator(0ul),
[=] __device__(size_t idx) { return dh::SegmentId(x_ptr, idx); }),
d_x.data()));
auto y_merge_key_it = thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(
dh::MakeTransformIterator<bst_idx_t>(
thrust::make_counting_iterator(0ul),
[=] __device__(size_t idx) { return dh::SegmentId(y_ptr, idx); }),
d_y.data()));
using Tuple = thrust::tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t>;
thrust::constant_iterator<uint64_t> a_ind_iter(0ul);
thrust::constant_iterator<uint64_t> b_ind_iter(1ul);
auto place_holder = thrust::make_constant_iterator<uint64_t>(0u);
auto x_merge_val_it =
thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(a_ind_iter, place_holder));
auto y_merge_val_it =
thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(b_ind_iter, place_holder));
dh::XGBCachingDeviceAllocator<Tuple> alloc;
static_assert(sizeof(Tuple) == sizeof(SketchEntry));
// We reuse the memory for storing merge path.
common::Span<Tuple> merge_path{reinterpret_cast<Tuple *>(out.data()), out.size()};
// Determine the merge path, 0 if element is from x, 1 if it's from y.
thrust::merge_by_key(
thrust::cuda::par(alloc), x_merge_key_it, x_merge_key_it + d_x.size(),
y_merge_key_it, y_merge_key_it + d_y.size(), x_merge_val_it,
y_merge_val_it, thrust::make_discard_iterator(), merge_path.data(),
[=] __device__(auto const &l, auto const &r) -> bool {
auto l_column_id = thrust::get<0>(l);
auto r_column_id = thrust::get<0>(r);
if (l_column_id == r_column_id) {
return thrust::get<1>(l).value < thrust::get<1>(r).value;
}
return l_column_id < r_column_id;
});
// Compute output ptr
auto transform_it =
thrust::make_zip_iterator(thrust::make_tuple(x_ptr.data(), y_ptr.data()));
thrust::transform(
thrust::cuda::par(alloc), transform_it, transform_it + x_ptr.size(),
out_ptr.data(),
[] __device__(auto const& t) { return thrust::get<0>(t) + thrust::get<1>(t); });
// 0^th is the indicator, 1^th is placeholder
auto get_ind = []XGBOOST_DEVICE(Tuple const& t) { return thrust::get<0>(t); };
// 0^th is the counter for x, 1^th for y.
auto get_x = []XGBOOST_DEVICE(Tuple const &t) { return thrust::get<0>(t); };
auto get_y = []XGBOOST_DEVICE(Tuple const &t) { return thrust::get<1>(t); };
auto scan_key_it = dh::MakeTransformIterator<size_t>(
thrust::make_counting_iterator(0ul),
[=] XGBOOST_DEVICE(size_t idx) { return dh::SegmentId(out_ptr, idx); });
auto scan_val_it = dh::MakeTransformIterator<Tuple>(
merge_path.data(), [=] XGBOOST_DEVICE(Tuple const &t) -> Tuple {
auto ind = get_ind(t); // == 0 if element is from x
// x_counter, y_counter
return thrust::tuple<std::uint64_t, std::uint64_t>{!ind, ind};
});
// Compute the index for both x and y (which of the element in a and b are used in each
// comparison) by scanning the binary merge path. Take output [(x_0, y_0), (x_0, y_1),
// ...] as an example, the comparison between (x_0, y_0) adds 1 step in the merge path.
// Assuming y_0 is less than x_0 so this step is toward the end of y. After the
// comparison, index of y is incremented by 1 from y_0 to y_1, and at the same time, y_0
// is landed into output as the first element in merge result. The scan result is the
// subscript of x and y.
thrust::exclusive_scan_by_key(
thrust::cuda::par(alloc), scan_key_it, scan_key_it + merge_path.size(),
scan_val_it, merge_path.data(),
thrust::make_tuple<uint64_t, uint64_t>(0ul, 0ul),
thrust::equal_to<size_t>{},
[=] __device__(Tuple const &l, Tuple const &r) -> Tuple {
return thrust::make_tuple(get_x(l) + get_x(r), get_y(l) + get_y(r));
});
return merge_path;
}
// Merge d_x and d_y into out. Because the final output depends on predicate (which
// summary does the output element come from) result by definition of merged rank. So we
// run it in 2 passes to obtain the merge path and then customize the standard merge
// algorithm.
void MergeImpl(DeviceOrd device, Span<SketchEntry const> const &d_x,
Span<bst_idx_t const> const &x_ptr, Span<SketchEntry const> const &d_y,
Span<bst_idx_t const> const &y_ptr, Span<SketchEntry> out, Span<bst_idx_t> out_ptr) {
dh::safe_cuda(cudaSetDevice(device.ordinal));
CHECK_EQ(d_x.size() + d_y.size(), out.size());
CHECK_EQ(x_ptr.size(), out_ptr.size());
CHECK_EQ(y_ptr.size(), out_ptr.size());
auto d_merge_path = MergePath(d_x, x_ptr, d_y, y_ptr, out, out_ptr);
auto d_out = out;
dh::LaunchN(d_out.size(), [=] __device__(size_t idx) {
auto column_id = dh::SegmentId(out_ptr, idx);
idx -= out_ptr[column_id];
auto d_x_column =
d_x.subspan(x_ptr[column_id], x_ptr[column_id + 1] - x_ptr[column_id]);
auto d_y_column =
d_y.subspan(y_ptr[column_id], y_ptr[column_id + 1] - y_ptr[column_id]);
auto d_out_column = d_out.subspan(
out_ptr[column_id], out_ptr[column_id + 1] - out_ptr[column_id]);
auto d_path_column = d_merge_path.subspan(
out_ptr[column_id], out_ptr[column_id + 1] - out_ptr[column_id]);
uint64_t a_ind, b_ind;
thrust::tie(a_ind, b_ind) = d_path_column[idx];
// Handle empty column. If both columns are empty, we should not get this column_id
// as result of binary search.
assert((d_x_column.size() != 0) || (d_y_column.size() != 0));
if (d_x_column.size() == 0) {
d_out_column[idx] = d_y_column[b_ind];
return;
}
if (d_y_column.size() == 0) {
d_out_column[idx] = d_x_column[a_ind];
return;
}
// Handle trailing elements.
assert(a_ind <= d_x_column.size());
if (a_ind == d_x_column.size()) {
// Trailing elements are from y because there's no more x to land.
auto y_elem = d_y_column[b_ind];
d_out_column[idx] = SketchEntry(y_elem.rmin + d_x_column.back().RMinNext(),
y_elem.rmax + d_x_column.back().rmax,
y_elem.wmin, y_elem.value);
return;
}
auto x_elem = d_x_column[a_ind];
assert(b_ind <= d_y_column.size());
if (b_ind == d_y_column.size()) {
d_out_column[idx] = SketchEntry(x_elem.rmin + d_y_column.back().RMinNext(),
x_elem.rmax + d_y_column.back().rmax,
x_elem.wmin, x_elem.value);
return;
}
auto y_elem = d_y_column[b_ind];
/* Merge procedure. See A.3 merge operation eq (26) ~ (28). The trick to interpret
it is rewriting the symbols on both side of equality. Take eq (26) as an example:
Expand it according to definition of extended rank then rewrite it into:
If $k_i$ is the $i$ element in output and \textbf{comes from $D_1$}:
r_\bar{D}(k_i) = r_{\bar{D_1}}(k_i) + w_{\bar{{D_1}}}(k_i) +
[r_{\bar{D_2}}(x_i) + w_{\bar{D_2}}(x_i)]
Where $x_i$ is the largest element in $D_2$ that's less than $k_i$. $k_i$ can be
used in $D_1$ as it's since $k_i \in D_1$. Other 2 equations can be applied
similarly with $k_i$ comes from different $D$. just use different symbol on
different source of summary.
*/
assert(idx < d_out_column.size());
if (x_elem.value == y_elem.value) {
d_out_column[idx] =
SketchEntry{x_elem.rmin + y_elem.rmin, x_elem.rmax + y_elem.rmax,
x_elem.wmin + y_elem.wmin, x_elem.value};
} else if (x_elem.value < y_elem.value) {
// elem from x is landed. yprev_min is the element in D_2 that's 1 rank less than
// x_elem if we put x_elem in D_2.
float yprev_min = b_ind == 0 ? 0.0f : d_y_column[b_ind - 1].RMinNext();
// rmin should be equal to x_elem.rmin + x_elem.wmin + yprev_min. But for
// implementation, the weight is stored in a separated field and we compute the
// extended definition on the fly when needed.
d_out_column[idx] =
SketchEntry{x_elem.rmin + yprev_min, x_elem.rmax + y_elem.RMaxPrev(),
x_elem.wmin, x_elem.value};
} else {
// elem from y is landed.
float xprev_min = a_ind == 0 ? 0.0f : d_x_column[a_ind - 1].RMinNext();
d_out_column[idx] =
SketchEntry{xprev_min + y_elem.rmin, x_elem.RMaxPrev() + y_elem.rmax,
y_elem.wmin, y_elem.value};
}
});
}
void SketchContainer::Push(Span<Entry const> entries, Span<size_t> columns_ptr,
common::Span<OffsetT> cuts_ptr,
size_t total_cuts, Span<float> weights) {
dh::safe_cuda(cudaSetDevice(device_.ordinal));
Span<SketchEntry> out;
dh::device_vector<SketchEntry> cuts;
bool first_window = this->Current().empty();
if (!first_window) {
cuts.resize(total_cuts);
out = dh::ToSpan(cuts);
} else {
this->Current().resize(total_cuts);
out = dh::ToSpan(this->Current());
}
auto ft = this->feature_types_.ConstDeviceSpan();
if (weights.empty()) {
auto to_sketch_entry = [] __device__(size_t sample_idx,
Span<Entry const> const &column,
size_t) {
float rmin = sample_idx;
float rmax = sample_idx + 1;
return SketchEntry{rmin, rmax, 1, column[sample_idx].fvalue};
}; // NOLINT
PruneImpl<Entry>(cuts_ptr, entries, columns_ptr, ft, out, to_sketch_entry);
} else {
auto to_sketch_entry = [weights, columns_ptr] __device__(
size_t sample_idx,
Span<Entry const> const &column,
size_t column_id) {
Span<float const> column_weights_scan =
weights.subspan(columns_ptr[column_id], column.size());
float rmin = sample_idx > 0 ? column_weights_scan[sample_idx - 1] : 0.0f;
float rmax = column_weights_scan[sample_idx];
float wmin = rmax - rmin;
wmin = wmin < 0 ? kRtEps : wmin; // GPU scan can generate floating error.
return SketchEntry{rmin, rmax, wmin, column[sample_idx].fvalue};
}; // NOLINT
PruneImpl<Entry>(cuts_ptr, entries, columns_ptr, ft, out, to_sketch_entry);
}
auto n_uniques = this->ScanInput(out, cuts_ptr);
if (!first_window) {
CHECK_EQ(this->columns_ptr_.Size(), cuts_ptr.size());
out = out.subspan(0, n_uniques);
this->Merge(cuts_ptr, out);
this->FixError();
} else {
this->Current().resize(n_uniques);
this->columns_ptr_.SetDevice(device_);
this->columns_ptr_.Resize(cuts_ptr.size());
auto d_cuts_ptr = this->columns_ptr_.DeviceSpan();
CopyTo(d_cuts_ptr, cuts_ptr);
}
}
size_t SketchContainer::ScanInput(Span<SketchEntry> entries, Span<OffsetT> d_columns_ptr_in) {
/* There are 2 types of duplication. First is duplicated feature values, which comes
* from user input data. Second is duplicated sketching entries, which is generated by
* pruning or merging. We preserve the first type and remove the second type.
*/
timer_.Start(__func__);
dh::safe_cuda(cudaSetDevice(device_.ordinal));
CHECK_EQ(d_columns_ptr_in.size(), num_columns_ + 1);
dh::XGBCachingDeviceAllocator<char> alloc;
auto key_it = dh::MakeTransformIterator<size_t>(
thrust::make_reverse_iterator(thrust::make_counting_iterator(entries.size())),
[=] __device__(size_t idx) {
return dh::SegmentId(d_columns_ptr_in, idx);
});
// Reverse scan to accumulate weights into first duplicated element on left.
auto val_it = thrust::make_reverse_iterator(dh::tend(entries));
thrust::inclusive_scan_by_key(
thrust::cuda::par(alloc), key_it, key_it + entries.size(),
val_it, val_it,
thrust::equal_to<size_t>{},
[] __device__(SketchEntry const &r, SketchEntry const &l) {
// Only accumulate for the first type of duplication.
if (l.value - r.value == 0 && l.rmin - r.rmin != 0) {
auto w = l.wmin + r.wmin;
SketchEntry v{l.rmin, l.rmin + w, w, l.value};
return v;
}
return l;
});
auto d_columns_ptr_out = columns_ptr_b_.DeviceSpan();
// thrust unique_by_key preserves the first element.
auto n_uniques = dh::SegmentedUnique(
d_columns_ptr_in.data(),
d_columns_ptr_in.data() + d_columns_ptr_in.size(), entries.data(),
entries.data() + entries.size(), d_columns_ptr_out.data(), entries.data(),
detail::SketchUnique{});
CopyTo(d_columns_ptr_in, d_columns_ptr_out);
timer_.Stop(__func__);
return n_uniques;
}
void SketchContainer::Prune(size_t to) {
timer_.Start(__func__);
dh::safe_cuda(cudaSetDevice(device_.ordinal));
OffsetT to_total = 0;
auto& h_columns_ptr = columns_ptr_b_.HostVector();
h_columns_ptr[0] = to_total;
auto const& h_feature_types = feature_types_.ConstHostSpan();
for (bst_feature_t i = 0; i < num_columns_; ++i) {
size_t length = this->Column(i).size();
length = std::min(length, to);
if (IsCat(h_feature_types, i)) {
length = this->Column(i).size();
}
to_total += length;
h_columns_ptr[i+1] = to_total;
}
this->Other().resize(to_total);
auto d_columns_ptr_in = this->columns_ptr_.ConstDeviceSpan();
auto d_columns_ptr_out = columns_ptr_b_.ConstDeviceSpan();
auto out = dh::ToSpan(this->Other());
auto in = dh::ToSpan(this->Current());
auto no_op = [] __device__(size_t sample_idx,
Span<SketchEntry const> const &entries,
size_t) { return entries[sample_idx]; }; // NOLINT
auto ft = this->feature_types_.ConstDeviceSpan();
PruneImpl<SketchEntry>(d_columns_ptr_out, in, d_columns_ptr_in, ft, out, no_op);
this->columns_ptr_.Copy(columns_ptr_b_);
this->Alternate();
this->Unique();
timer_.Stop(__func__);
}
void SketchContainer::Merge(Span<OffsetT const> d_that_columns_ptr,
Span<SketchEntry const> that) {
dh::safe_cuda(cudaSetDevice(device_.ordinal));
timer_.Start(__func__);
if (this->Current().size() == 0) {
CHECK_EQ(this->columns_ptr_.HostVector().back(), 0);
CHECK_EQ(this->columns_ptr_.HostVector().size(), d_that_columns_ptr.size());
CHECK_EQ(columns_ptr_.Size(), num_columns_ + 1);
thrust::copy(thrust::device, d_that_columns_ptr.data(),
d_that_columns_ptr.data() + d_that_columns_ptr.size(),
this->columns_ptr_.DevicePointer());
auto total = this->columns_ptr_.HostVector().back();
this->Current().resize(total);
CopyTo(dh::ToSpan(this->Current()), that);
timer_.Stop(__func__);
return;
}
this->Other().resize(this->Current().size() + that.size());
CHECK_EQ(d_that_columns_ptr.size(), this->columns_ptr_.Size());
MergeImpl(device_, this->Data(), this->ColumnsPtr(), that, d_that_columns_ptr,
dh::ToSpan(this->Other()), columns_ptr_b_.DeviceSpan());
this->columns_ptr_.Copy(columns_ptr_b_);
CHECK_EQ(this->columns_ptr_.Size(), num_columns_ + 1);
this->Alternate();
if (this->HasCategorical()) {
auto d_feature_types = this->FeatureTypes().ConstDeviceSpan();
this->Unique([d_feature_types] __device__(size_t l_fidx, size_t r_fidx) {
return l_fidx == r_fidx && IsCat(d_feature_types, l_fidx);
});
}
timer_.Stop(__func__);
}
void SketchContainer::FixError() {
dh::safe_cuda(cudaSetDevice(device_.ordinal));
auto d_columns_ptr = this->columns_ptr_.ConstDeviceSpan();
auto in = dh::ToSpan(this->Current());
dh::LaunchN(in.size(), [=] __device__(size_t idx) {
auto column_id = dh::SegmentId(d_columns_ptr, idx);
auto in_column = in.subspan(d_columns_ptr[column_id],
d_columns_ptr[column_id + 1] -
d_columns_ptr[column_id]);
idx -= d_columns_ptr[column_id];
float prev_rmin = idx == 0 ? 0.0f : in_column[idx-1].rmin;
if (in_column[idx].rmin < prev_rmin) {
in_column[idx].rmin = prev_rmin;
}
float prev_rmax = idx == 0 ? 0.0f : in_column[idx-1].rmax;
if (in_column[idx].rmax < prev_rmax) {
in_column[idx].rmax = prev_rmax;
}
float rmin_next = in_column[idx].RMinNext();
if (in_column[idx].rmax < rmin_next) {
in_column[idx].rmax = rmin_next;
}
});
}
void SketchContainer::AllReduce(Context const*, bool is_column_split) {
dh::safe_cuda(cudaSetDevice(device_.ordinal));
auto world = collective::GetWorldSize();
if (world == 1 || is_column_split) {
return;
}
timer_.Start(__func__);
// Reduce the overhead on syncing.
size_t global_sum_rows = num_rows_;
collective::Allreduce<collective::Operation::kSum>(&global_sum_rows, 1);
size_t intermediate_num_cuts =
std::min(global_sum_rows, static_cast<size_t>(num_bins_ * kFactor));
this->Prune(intermediate_num_cuts);
auto d_columns_ptr = this->columns_ptr_.ConstDeviceSpan();
CHECK_EQ(d_columns_ptr.size(), num_columns_ + 1);
size_t n = d_columns_ptr.size();
collective::Allreduce<collective::Operation::kMax>(&n, 1);
CHECK_EQ(n, d_columns_ptr.size()) << "Number of columns differs across workers";
// Get the columns ptr from all workers
dh::device_vector<SketchContainer::OffsetT> gathered_ptrs;
gathered_ptrs.resize(d_columns_ptr.size() * world, 0);
size_t rank = collective::GetRank();
auto offset = rank * d_columns_ptr.size();
thrust::copy(thrust::device, d_columns_ptr.data(), d_columns_ptr.data() + d_columns_ptr.size(),
gathered_ptrs.begin() + offset);
collective::AllReduce<collective::Operation::kSum>(device_.ordinal, gathered_ptrs.data().get(),
gathered_ptrs.size());
// Get the data from all workers.
std::vector<size_t> recv_lengths;
dh::caching_device_vector<char> recvbuf;
collective::AllGatherV(device_.ordinal, this->Current().data().get(),
dh::ToSpan(this->Current()).size_bytes(), &recv_lengths, &recvbuf);
collective::Synchronize(device_.ordinal);
// Segment the received data.
auto s_recvbuf = dh::ToSpan(recvbuf);
std::vector<Span<SketchEntry>> allworkers;
offset = 0;
for (int32_t i = 0; i < world; ++i) {
size_t length_as_bytes = recv_lengths.at(i);
auto raw = s_recvbuf.subspan(offset, length_as_bytes);
auto sketch = Span<SketchEntry>(reinterpret_cast<SketchEntry *>(raw.data()),
length_as_bytes / sizeof(SketchEntry));
allworkers.emplace_back(sketch);
offset += length_as_bytes;
}
// Merge them into a new sketch.
SketchContainer new_sketch(this->feature_types_, num_bins_,
this->num_columns_, global_sum_rows,
this->device_);
for (size_t i = 0; i < allworkers.size(); ++i) {
auto worker = allworkers[i];
auto worker_ptr =
dh::ToSpan(gathered_ptrs)
.subspan(i * d_columns_ptr.size(), d_columns_ptr.size());
new_sketch.Merge(worker_ptr, worker);
new_sketch.FixError();
}
*this = std::move(new_sketch);
timer_.Stop(__func__);
}
namespace {
struct InvalidCatOp {
Span<SketchEntry const> values;
Span<size_t const> ptrs;
Span<FeatureType const> ft;
XGBOOST_DEVICE bool operator()(size_t i) const {
auto fidx = dh::SegmentId(ptrs, i);
return IsCat(ft, fidx) && InvalidCat(values[i].value);
}
};
} // anonymous namespace
void SketchContainer::MakeCuts(Context const* ctx, HistogramCuts* p_cuts, bool is_column_split) {
timer_.Start(__func__);
dh::safe_cuda(cudaSetDevice(device_.ordinal));
p_cuts->min_vals_.Resize(num_columns_);
// Sync between workers.
this->AllReduce(ctx, is_column_split);
// Prune to final number of bins.
this->Prune(num_bins_ + 1);
this->FixError();
// Set up inputs
auto d_in_columns_ptr = this->columns_ptr_.ConstDeviceSpan();
p_cuts->min_vals_.SetDevice(device_);
auto d_min_values = p_cuts->min_vals_.DeviceSpan();
auto const in_cut_values = dh::ToSpan(this->Current());
// Set up output ptr
p_cuts->cut_ptrs_.SetDevice(device_);
auto& h_out_columns_ptr = p_cuts->cut_ptrs_.HostVector();
h_out_columns_ptr.clear();
h_out_columns_ptr.push_back(0);
auto const& h_feature_types = this->feature_types_.ConstHostSpan();
auto d_ft = feature_types_.ConstDeviceSpan();
std::vector<SketchEntry> max_values;
float max_cat{-1.f};
if (has_categorical_) {
dh::XGBCachingDeviceAllocator<char> alloc;
auto key_it = dh::MakeTransformIterator<bst_feature_t>(
thrust::make_counting_iterator(0ul), [=] XGBOOST_DEVICE(size_t i) -> bst_feature_t {
return dh::SegmentId(d_in_columns_ptr, i);
});
auto invalid_op = InvalidCatOp{in_cut_values, d_in_columns_ptr, d_ft};
auto val_it = dh::MakeTransformIterator<SketchEntry>(
thrust::make_counting_iterator(0ul), [=] XGBOOST_DEVICE(size_t i) {
auto fidx = dh::SegmentId(d_in_columns_ptr, i);
auto v = in_cut_values[i];
if (IsCat(d_ft, fidx)) {
if (invalid_op(i)) {
// use inf to indicate invalid value, this way we can keep it as in
// indicator in the reduce operation as it's always the greatest value.
v.value = std::numeric_limits<float>::infinity();
}
}
return v;
});
CHECK_EQ(num_columns_, d_in_columns_ptr.size() - 1);
max_values.resize(d_in_columns_ptr.size() - 1);
// In some cases (e.g. column-wise data split), we may have empty columns, so we need to keep
// track of the unique keys (feature indices) after the thrust::reduce_by_key` call.
dh::caching_device_vector<size_t> d_max_keys(d_in_columns_ptr.size() - 1);
dh::caching_device_vector<SketchEntry> d_max_values(d_in_columns_ptr.size() - 1);
auto new_end = thrust::reduce_by_key(
thrust::cuda::par(alloc), key_it, key_it + in_cut_values.size(), val_it, d_max_keys.begin(),
d_max_values.begin(), thrust::equal_to<bst_feature_t>{},
[] __device__(auto l, auto r) { return l.value > r.value ? l : r; });
d_max_keys.erase(new_end.first, d_max_keys.end());
d_max_values.erase(new_end.second, d_max_values.end());
// The device vector needs to be initialized explicitly since we may have some missing columns.
SketchEntry default_entry{};
dh::caching_device_vector<SketchEntry> d_max_results(d_in_columns_ptr.size() - 1,
default_entry);
thrust::scatter(thrust::cuda::par(alloc), d_max_values.begin(), d_max_values.end(),
d_max_keys.begin(), d_max_results.begin());
dh::CopyDeviceSpanToVector(&max_values, dh::ToSpan(d_max_results));
auto max_it = MakeIndexTransformIter([&](auto i) {
if (IsCat(h_feature_types, i)) {
return max_values[i].value;
}
return -1.f;
});
max_cat = *std::max_element(max_it, max_it + max_values.size());
if (std::isinf(max_cat)) {
InvalidCategory();
}
}
// Set up output cuts
for (bst_feature_t i = 0; i < num_columns_; ++i) {
size_t column_size = std::max(static_cast<size_t>(1ul), this->Column(i).size());
if (IsCat(h_feature_types, i)) {
// column_size is the number of unique values in that feature.
CheckMaxCat(max_values[i].value, column_size);
h_out_columns_ptr.push_back(max_values[i].value + 1); // includes both max_cat and 0.
} else {
h_out_columns_ptr.push_back(
std::min(static_cast<size_t>(column_size), static_cast<size_t>(num_bins_)));
}
}
std::partial_sum(h_out_columns_ptr.begin(), h_out_columns_ptr.end(), h_out_columns_ptr.begin());
auto d_out_columns_ptr = p_cuts->cut_ptrs_.ConstDeviceSpan();
size_t total_bins = h_out_columns_ptr.back();
p_cuts->cut_values_.SetDevice(device_);
p_cuts->cut_values_.Resize(total_bins);
auto out_cut_values = p_cuts->cut_values_.DeviceSpan();
dh::LaunchN(total_bins, [=] __device__(size_t idx) {
auto column_id = dh::SegmentId(d_out_columns_ptr, idx);
auto in_column = in_cut_values.subspan(d_in_columns_ptr[column_id],
d_in_columns_ptr[column_id + 1] -
d_in_columns_ptr[column_id]);
auto out_column = out_cut_values.subspan(d_out_columns_ptr[column_id],
d_out_columns_ptr[column_id + 1] -
d_out_columns_ptr[column_id]);
idx -= d_out_columns_ptr[column_id];
if (in_column.size() == 0) {
// If the column is empty, we push a dummy value. It won't affect training as the
// column is empty, trees cannot split on it. This is just to be consistent with
// rest of the library.
if (idx == 0) {
d_min_values[column_id] = kRtEps;
out_column[0] = kRtEps;
assert(out_column.size() == 1);
}
return;
}
if (idx == 0 && !IsCat(d_ft, column_id)) {
auto mval = in_column[idx].value;
d_min_values[column_id] = mval - (fabs(mval) + 1e-5);
}
if (IsCat(d_ft, column_id)) {
out_column[idx] = idx;
return;
}
// Last thread is responsible for setting a value that's greater than other cuts.
if (idx == out_column.size() - 1) {
const bst_float cpt = in_column.back().value;
// this must be bigger than last value in a scale
const bst_float last = cpt + (fabs(cpt) + 1e-5);
out_column[idx] = last;
return;
}
assert(idx+1 < in_column.size());
out_column[idx] = in_column[idx+1].value;
});
p_cuts->SetCategorical(this->has_categorical_, max_cat);
timer_.Stop(__func__);
}
} // namespace xgboost::common