# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import sys
from contextlib import contextmanager
from io import StringIO
import numpy as np
import os
import xgboost as xgb
import unittest
import json
from pathlib import Path
import tempfile

dpath = 'demo/data/'
rng = np.random.RandomState(1994)


@contextmanager
def captured_output():
    """Reassign stdout temporarily in order to test printed statements
    Taken from:
    https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4219717/how-to-assert-output-with-nosetest-unittest-in-python

    Also works for pytest.

    """
    new_out, new_err = StringIO(), StringIO()
    old_out, old_err = sys.stdout, sys.stderr
    try:
        sys.stdout, sys.stderr = new_out, new_err
        yield sys.stdout, sys.stderr
    finally:
        sys.stdout, sys.stderr = old_out, old_err


class TestBasic(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_compat(self):
        from xgboost.compat import lazy_isinstance
        a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
        assert lazy_isinstance(a, 'numpy', 'ndarray')
        assert not lazy_isinstance(a, 'numpy', 'dataframe')

    def test_basic(self):
        dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.train')
        dtest = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.test')
        param = {'max_depth': 2, 'eta': 1,
                 'objective': 'binary:logistic'}
        # specify validations set to watch performance
        watchlist = [(dtrain, 'train')]
        num_round = 2
        bst = xgb.train(param, dtrain, num_round, watchlist, verbose_eval=True)

        preds = bst.predict(dtrain)
        labels = dtrain.get_label()
        err = sum(1 for i in range(len(preds))
                  if int(preds[i] > 0.5) != labels[i]) / float(len(preds))
        # error must be smaller than 10%
        assert err < 0.1

        preds = bst.predict(dtest)
        labels = dtest.get_label()
        err = sum(1 for i in range(len(preds))
                  if int(preds[i] > 0.5) != labels[i]) / float(len(preds))
        # error must be smaller than 10%
        assert err < 0.1

        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
            dtest_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'dtest.dmatrix')
            # save dmatrix into binary buffer
            dtest.save_binary(dtest_path)
            # save model
            model_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'model.booster')
            bst.save_model(model_path)
            # load model and data in
            bst2 = xgb.Booster(model_file=model_path)
            dtest2 = xgb.DMatrix(dtest_path)
            preds2 = bst2.predict(dtest2)
            # assert they are the same
            assert np.sum(np.abs(preds2 - preds)) == 0

    def test_record_results(self):
        dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.train')
        dtest = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.test')
        param = {'max_depth': 2, 'eta': 1, 'verbosity': 0,
                 'objective': 'binary:logistic'}
        # specify validations set to watch performance
        watchlist = [(dtest, 'eval'), (dtrain, 'train')]
        num_round = 2
        result = {}
        res2 = {}
        xgb.train(param, dtrain, num_round, watchlist,
                  callbacks=[xgb.callback.record_evaluation(result)])
        xgb.train(param, dtrain, num_round, watchlist,
                  evals_result=res2)
        assert result['train']['error'][0] < 0.1
        assert res2 == result

    def test_multiclass(self):
        dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.train')
        dtest = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.test')
        param = {'max_depth': 2, 'eta': 1, 'verbosity': 0, 'num_class': 2}
        # specify validations set to watch performance
        watchlist = [(dtest, 'eval'), (dtrain, 'train')]
        num_round = 2
        bst = xgb.train(param, dtrain, num_round, watchlist)
        # this is prediction
        preds = bst.predict(dtest)
        labels = dtest.get_label()
        err = sum(1 for i in range(len(preds))
                  if preds[i] != labels[i]) / float(len(preds))
        # error must be smaller than 10%
        assert err < 0.1

        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmpdir:
            dtest_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'dtest.buffer')
            model_path = os.path.join(tmpdir, 'xgb.model')
            # save dmatrix into binary buffer
            dtest.save_binary(dtest_path)
            # save model
            bst.save_model(model_path)
            # load model and data in
            bst2 = xgb.Booster(model_file=model_path)
            dtest2 = xgb.DMatrix(dtest_path)
            preds2 = bst2.predict(dtest2)
            # assert they are the same
            assert np.sum(np.abs(preds2 - preds)) == 0

    def test_dump(self):
        data = np.random.randn(100, 2)
        target = np.array([0, 1] * 50)
        features = ['Feature1', 'Feature2']

        dm = xgb.DMatrix(data, label=target, feature_names=features)
        params = {'objective': 'binary:logistic',
                  'eval_metric': 'logloss',
                  'eta': 0.3,
                  'max_depth': 1}

        bst = xgb.train(params, dm, num_boost_round=1)

        # number of feature importances should == number of features
        dump1 = bst.get_dump()
        self.assertEqual(len(dump1), 1, "Expected only 1 tree to be dumped.")
        self.assertEqual(len(dump1[0].splitlines()), 3,
                         "Expected 1 root and 2 leaves - 3 lines in dump.")

        dump2 = bst.get_dump(with_stats=True)
        self.assertEqual(dump2[0].count('\n'), 3,
                         "Expected 1 root and 2 leaves - 3 lines in dump.")
        self.assertGreater(dump2[0].find('\n'), dump1[0].find('\n'),
                           "Expected more info when with_stats=True is given.")

        dump3 = bst.get_dump(dump_format="json")
        dump3j = json.loads(dump3[0])
        self.assertEqual(dump3j["nodeid"], 0, "Expected the root node on top.")

        dump4 = bst.get_dump(dump_format="json", with_stats=True)
        dump4j = json.loads(dump4[0])
        self.assertIn("gain", dump4j, "Expected 'gain' to be dumped in JSON.")

    def test_load_file_invalid(self):
        self.assertRaises(xgb.core.XGBoostError, xgb.Booster,
                          model_file='incorrect_path')

        self.assertRaises(xgb.core.XGBoostError, xgb.Booster,
                          model_file=u'不正なパス')

    def test_dmatrix_numpy_init_omp(self):

        rows = [1000, 11326, 15000]
        cols = 50
        for row in rows:
            X = np.random.randn(row, cols)
            y = np.random.randn(row).astype('f')
            dm = xgb.DMatrix(X, y, nthread=0)
            np.testing.assert_array_equal(dm.get_label(), y)
            assert dm.num_row() == row
            assert dm.num_col() == cols

            dm = xgb.DMatrix(X, y, nthread=10)
            np.testing.assert_array_equal(dm.get_label(), y)
            assert dm.num_row() == row
            assert dm.num_col() == cols


    def test_cv(self):
        dm = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.train')
        params = {'max_depth': 2, 'eta': 1, 'verbosity': 0,
                  'objective': 'binary:logistic'}

        # return np.ndarray
        cv = xgb.cv(params, dm, num_boost_round=10, nfold=10, as_pandas=False)
        assert isinstance(cv, dict)
        assert len(cv) == (4)

    def test_cv_no_shuffle(self):
        dm = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.train')
        params = {'max_depth': 2, 'eta': 1, 'verbosity': 0,
                  'objective': 'binary:logistic'}

        # return np.ndarray
        cv = xgb.cv(params, dm, num_boost_round=10, shuffle=False, nfold=10,
                    as_pandas=False)
        assert isinstance(cv, dict)
        assert len(cv) == (4)

    def test_cv_explicit_fold_indices(self):
        dm = xgb.DMatrix(dpath + 'agaricus.txt.train')
        params = {'max_depth': 2, 'eta': 1, 'verbosity': 0, 'objective':
                  'binary:logistic'}
        folds = [
            # Train        Test
            ([1, 3], [5, 8]),
            ([7, 9], [23, 43]),
        ]

        # return np.ndarray
        cv = xgb.cv(params, dm, num_boost_round=10, folds=folds,
                    as_pandas=False)
        assert isinstance(cv, dict)
        assert len(cv) == (4)

    def test_cv_explicit_fold_indices_labels(self):
        params = {'max_depth': 2, 'eta': 1, 'verbosity': 0, 'objective':
                  'reg:squarederror'}
        N = 100
        F = 3
        dm = xgb.DMatrix(data=np.random.randn(N, F), label=np.arange(N))
        folds = [
            # Train        Test
            ([1, 3], [5, 8]),
            ([7, 9], [23, 43, 11]),
        ]

        # Use callback to log the test labels in each fold
        def cb(cbackenv):
            print([fold.dtest.get_label() for fold in cbackenv.cvfolds])

        # Run cross validation and capture standard out to test callback result
        with captured_output() as (out, err):
            xgb.cv(
                params, dm, num_boost_round=1, folds=folds, callbacks=[cb],
                as_pandas=False
            )
            output = out.getvalue().strip()
        solution = ('[array([5., 8.], dtype=float32), array([23., 43., 11.],' +
                    ' dtype=float32)]')
        assert output == solution


class TestBasicPathLike(unittest.TestCase):
    """Unit tests using the os_fspath and pathlib.Path for file interaction."""

    def test_DMatrix_init_from_path(self):
        """Initialization from the data path."""
        dpath = Path('demo/data')
        dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(dpath / 'agaricus.txt.train')
        assert dtrain.num_row() == 6513
        assert dtrain.num_col() == 127


    def test_DMatrix_save_to_path(self):
        """Saving to a binary file using pathlib from a DMatrix."""
        data = np.random.randn(100, 2)
        target = np.array([0, 1] * 50)
        features = ['Feature1', 'Feature2']

        dm = xgb.DMatrix(data, label=target, feature_names=features)

        # save, assert exists, remove file
        binary_path = Path("dtrain.bin")
        dm.save_binary(binary_path)
        assert binary_path.exists()
        Path.unlink(binary_path)


    def test_Booster_init_invalid_path(self):
        """An invalid model_file path should raise XGBoostError."""
        self.assertRaises(xgb.core.XGBoostError, xgb.Booster,
                          model_file=Path("invalidpath"))


    def test_Booster_save_and_load(self):
        """Saving and loading model files from paths."""
        save_path = Path("saveload.model")

        data = np.random.randn(100, 2)
        target = np.array([0, 1] * 50)
        features = ['Feature1', 'Feature2']

        dm = xgb.DMatrix(data, label=target, feature_names=features)
        params = {'objective': 'binary:logistic',
                  'eval_metric': 'logloss',
                  'eta': 0.3,
                  'max_depth': 1}

        bst = xgb.train(params, dm, num_boost_round=1)

        # save, assert exists
        bst.save_model(save_path)
        assert save_path.exists()

        def dump_assertions(dump):
            """Assertions for the expected dump from Booster"""
            assert len(dump) == 1, 'Exepcted only 1 tree to be dumped.'
            assert len(dump[0].splitlines()) == 3, 'Expected 1 root and 2 leaves - 3 lines.'

        # load the model again using Path
        bst2 = xgb.Booster(model_file=save_path)
        dump2 = bst2.get_dump()
        dump_assertions(dump2)

        # load again using load_model
        bst3 = xgb.Booster()
        bst3.load_model(save_path)
        dump3= bst3.get_dump()
        dump_assertions(dump3)

        # remove file
        Path.unlink(save_path)

    def test_os_fspath(self):
        """Core properties of the os_fspath function."""
        # strings are returned unmodified
        assert '' == xgb.compat.os_fspath('')
        assert '/this/path' == xgb.compat.os_fspath('/this/path')

        # bytes are returned unmodified
        assert b'/this/path' == xgb.compat.os_fspath(b'/this/path')

        # path objects are returned as string representation
        path_test = Path('this') / 'path'
        assert str(path_test) == xgb.compat.os_fspath(path_test)

        # invalid values raise Type error
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, xgb.compat.os_fspath, 123)