Bump version to 1.7.6 (#9305)

* [backport] Fix monotone constraints on CPU. (#9122)

.clang-tidy

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Checks: 'modernize-*,-modernize-use-nodiscard,-modernize-concat-nested-namespaces,-modernize-make-*,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-raw-string-literal,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,google-*,-google-default-arguments,-clang-diagnostic-#pragma-messages,readability-identifier-naming'
+Checks: 'modernize-*,-modernize-make-*,-modernize-use-auto,-modernize-raw-string-literal,-modernize-avoid-c-arrays,-modernize-use-trailing-return-type,google-*,-google-default-arguments,-clang-diagnostic-#pragma-messages,readability-identifier-naming'
 CheckOptions:
   - { key: readability-identifier-naming.ClassCase,                 value: CamelCase  }
   - { key: readability-identifier-naming.StructCase,                value: CamelCase  }

.gitattributes

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-* text=auto
-
-*.c   text eol=lf
-*.h   text eol=lf
-*.cc  text eol=lf
-*.cuh text eol=lf
-*.cu  text eol=lf
-*.py  text eol=lf
-*.txt text eol=lf
-*.R   text eol=lf
-*.scala text eol=lf
-*.java  text eol=lf
-
-*.sh text eol=lf
-
-*.rst text eol=lf
-*.md  text eol=lf
-*.csv text eol=lf

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
-# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
-# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
-# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
-
-version: 2
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "maven"
-    directory: "/jvm-packages"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: "maven"
-    directory: "/jvm-packages/xgboost4j"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: "maven"
-    directory: "/jvm-packages/xgboost4j-gpu"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: "maven"
-    directory: "/jvm-packages/xgboost4j-example"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: "maven"
-    directory: "/jvm-packages/xgboost4j-spark"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: "maven"
-    directory: "/jvm-packages/xgboost4j-spark-gpu"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/jvm_tests.yml

@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ jobs:
         os: [windows-latest, ubuntu-latest, macos-11]
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@7f80679172b057fc5e90d70d197929d454754a5a # v4.3.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: '3.8'
         architecture: 'x64'
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-java@d202f5dbf7256730fb690ec59f6381650114feb2 # v3.6.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-java@v1
       with:
         java-version: 1.8
 
@@ -34,13 +34,13 @@ jobs:
         python -m pip install awscli
 
     - name: Cache Maven packages
-      uses: actions/cache@6998d139ddd3e68c71e9e398d8e40b71a2f39812 # v3.2.5
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
       with:
         path: ~/.m2
         key: ${{ runner.os }}-m2-${{ hashFiles('./jvm-packages/pom.xml') }}
-        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-m2-${{ hashFiles('./jvm-packages/pom.xml') }}
+        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-m2
 
-    - name: Test XGBoost4J (Core)
+    - name: Test XGBoost4J
       run: |
         cd jvm-packages
         mvn test -B -pl :xgboost4j_2.12
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
         AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY_IAM_S3_UPLOADER }}
 
 
-    - name: Test XGBoost4J (Core, Spark, Examples)
+    - name: Test XGBoost4J-Spark
       run: |
         rm -rfv build/
         cd jvm-packages
@@ -75,13 +75,3 @@ jobs:
       if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'  # Distributed training doesn't work on Windows
       env:
         RABIT_MOCK: ON
-
-
-    - name: Build and Test XGBoost4J with scala 2.13
-      run: |
-        rm -rfv build/
-        cd jvm-packages
-        mvn -B clean install test -Pdefault,scala-2.13
-      if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'  # Distributed training doesn't work on Windows
-      env:
-        RABIT_MOCK: ON

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [macos-11]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
     - name: Install system packages
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
     - name: Install system packages
@@ -66,16 +66,13 @@ jobs:
   c-api-demo:
     name: Test installing XGBoost lib + building the C API demo
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash -l {0}
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: ["ubuntu-latest"]
         python-version: ["3.8"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
     - uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@f347426e5745fe3dfc13ec5baf20496990d0281f # v14
@@ -85,11 +82,13 @@ jobs:
         environment-name: cpp_test
         environment-file: tests/ci_build/conda_env/cpp_test.yml
     - name: Display Conda env
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         conda info
         conda list
 
     - name: Build and install XGBoost static library
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         mkdir build
         cd build
@@ -97,6 +96,7 @@ jobs:
         ninja -v install
         cd -
     - name: Build and run C API demo with static
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         pushd .
         cd demo/c-api/
@@ -110,12 +110,14 @@ jobs:
         popd
 
     - name: Build and install XGBoost shared library
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         cd build
         cmake .. -DBUILD_STATIC_LIB=OFF -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=$CONDA_PREFIX -GNinja
         ninja -v install
         cd -
     - name: Build and run C API demo with shared
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         pushd .
         cd demo/c-api/
@@ -128,14 +130,14 @@ jobs:
         ./tests/ci_build/verify_link.sh ./demo/c-api/build/basic/api-demo
         ./tests/ci_build/verify_link.sh ./demo/c-api/build/external-memory/external-memory-demo
 
-  cpp-lint:
+  lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     name: Code linting for C++
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@7f80679172b057fc5e90d70d197929d454754a5a # v4.3.0
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: "3.8"
         architecture: 'x64'
@@ -144,7 +146,7 @@ jobs:
         python -m pip install wheel setuptools cpplint pylint
     - name: Run lint
       run: |
-        python3 dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py xgboost cpp R-package/src
+        LINT_LANG=cpp make lint
 
         python3 dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py --exclude_path \
             python-package/xgboost/dmlc-core \

.github/workflows/python_tests.yml

@@ -5,10 +5,6 @@ on: [push, pull_request]
 permissions:
   contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
 
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash -l {0}
-
 jobs:
   python-mypy-lint:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -16,27 +12,32 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
+        python-version: ["3.8"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
-    - uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@f347426e5745fe3dfc13ec5baf20496990d0281f # v14
+    - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
       with:
-        cache-downloads: true
+        auto-update-conda: true
-        cache-env: true
+        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        environment-name: python_lint
+        activate-environment: python_lint
         environment-file: tests/ci_build/conda_env/python_lint.yml
     - name: Display Conda env
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         conda info
         conda list
     - name: Run mypy
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         python tests/ci_build/lint_python.py --format=0 --type-check=1 --pylint=0
     - name: Run formatter
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         python tests/ci_build/lint_python.py --format=1 --type-check=0 --pylint=0
     - name: Run pylint
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         python tests/ci_build/lint_python.py --format=0 --type-check=0 --pylint=1
 
@@ -54,19 +55,21 @@ jobs:
     - uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@f347426e5745fe3dfc13ec5baf20496990d0281f # v14
       with:
         cache-downloads: true
-        cache-env: true
+        cache-env: false
         environment-name: sdist_test
         environment-file: tests/ci_build/conda_env/sdist_test.yml
     - name: Display Conda env
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         conda info
         conda list
     - name: Build and install XGBoost
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         cd python-package
         python --version
-        python -m build --sdist
+        python setup.py sdist
-        pip install -v ./dist/xgboost-*.tar.gz --config-settings use_openmp=False
+        pip install -v ./dist/xgboost-*.tar.gz
         cd ..
         python -c 'import xgboost'
 
@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ jobs:
         os: [macos-11, windows-latest]
         python-version: ["3.8"]
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
     - name: Install osx system dependencies
@@ -92,18 +95,17 @@ jobs:
         auto-update-conda: true
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         activate-environment: test
-    - name: Install build
-      run: |
-        conda install -c conda-forge python-build
     - name: Display Conda env
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         conda info
         conda list
     - name: Build and install XGBoost
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         cd python-package
         python --version
-        python -m build --sdist
+        python setup.py sdist
         pip install -v ./dist/xgboost-*.tar.gz
         cd ..
         python -c 'import xgboost'
@@ -125,16 +127,18 @@ jobs:
     - uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@f347426e5745fe3dfc13ec5baf20496990d0281f # v14
       with:
         cache-downloads: true
-        cache-env: true
+        cache-env: false
         environment-name: macos_test
         environment-file: tests/ci_build/conda_env/macos_cpu_test.yml
 
     - name: Display Conda env
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         conda info
         conda list
 
     - name: Build XGBoost on macos
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         brew install ninja
 
@@ -147,34 +151,31 @@ jobs:
         ninja
 
     - name: Install Python package
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         cd python-package
         python --version
-        pip install -v .
+        python setup.py install
 
     - name: Test Python package
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         pytest -s -v -rxXs --durations=0 ./tests/python
 
-    - name: Test Dask Interface
-      run: |
-        pytest -s -v -rxXs --durations=0 ./tests/test_distributed/test_with_dask
-
   python-tests-on-win:
     name: Test XGBoost Python package on ${{ matrix.config.os }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 60
     strategy:
       matrix:
         config:
           - {os: windows-latest, python-version: '3.8'}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
 
-    - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@35d1405e78aa3f784fe3ce9a2eb378d5eeb62169 # v2.1.1
+    - uses: conda-incubator/setup-miniconda@v2
       with:
         auto-update-conda: true
         python-version: ${{ matrix.config.python-version }}
@@ -182,11 +183,13 @@ jobs:
         environment-file: tests/ci_build/conda_env/win64_cpu_test.yml
 
     - name: Display Conda env
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         conda info
         conda list
 
     - name: Build XGBoost on Windows
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         mkdir build_msvc
         cd build_msvc
@@ -194,105 +197,14 @@ jobs:
         cmake --build . --config Release --parallel $(nproc)
 
     - name: Install Python package
+      shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
         cd python-package
         python --version
-        pip wheel -v . --wheel-dir dist/
+        python setup.py bdist_wheel --universal
         pip install ./dist/*.whl
 
     - name: Test Python package
-      run: |
-        pytest -s -v -rxXs --durations=0 ./tests/python
-
-  python-tests-on-ubuntu:
-    name: Test XGBoost Python package on ${{ matrix.config.os }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
-    timeout-minutes: 90
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        config:
-          - {os: ubuntu-latest, python-version: "3.8"}
-
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      with:
-        submodules: 'true'
-
-    - uses: mamba-org/provision-with-micromamba@f347426e5745fe3dfc13ec5baf20496990d0281f # v14
-      with:
-        cache-downloads: true
-        cache-env: true
-        environment-name: linux_cpu_test
-        environment-file: tests/ci_build/conda_env/linux_cpu_test.yml
-
-    - name: Display Conda env
-      run: |
-        conda info
-        conda list
-
-    - name: Build XGBoost on Ubuntu
-      run: |
-        mkdir build
-        cd build
-        cmake .. -GNinja -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$CONDA_PREFIX
-        ninja
-
-    - name: Install Python package
-      run: |
-        cd python-package
-        python --version
-        pip install -v .
-
-    - name: Test Python package
-      run: |
-        pytest -s -v -rxXs --durations=0 ./tests/python
-
-    - name: Test Dask Interface
-      run: |
-        pytest -s -v -rxXs --durations=0 ./tests/test_distributed/test_with_dask
-
-    - name: Test PySpark Interface
       shell: bash -l {0}
       run: |
-        pytest -s -v -rxXs --durations=0 ./tests/test_distributed/test_with_spark
+        pytest -s -v -rxXs --durations=0 ./tests/python
-
-  python-system-installation-on-ubuntu:
-    name: Test XGBoost Python package System Installation on ${{ matrix.os }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-        with:
-          submodules: 'true'
-
-      - name: Set up Python 3.8
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: 3.8
-
-      - name: Install ninja
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y ninja-build
-
-      - name: Build XGBoost on Ubuntu
-        run: |
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake .. -GNinja
-          ninja
-
-      - name: Copy lib to system lib
-        run: |
-          cp lib/* "$(python -c 'import sys; print(sys.base_prefix)')/lib"
-
-      - name: Install XGBoost in Virtual Environment
-        run: |
-          cd python-package
-          pip install virtualenv
-          virtualenv venv
-          source venv/bin/activate && \
-            pip install -v . --config-settings use_system_libxgboost=True && \
-            python -c 'import xgboost'

.github/workflows/python_wheels.yml

@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@ jobs:
         - os: macos-latest
           platform_id: macosx_arm64
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
     - name: Setup Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@7f80679172b057fc5e90d70d197929d454754a5a # v4.3.0
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: "3.8"
     - name: Build wheels

.github/workflows/r_nold.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Run expensive R tests with the help of rhub. Only triggered by a pull request review
+# Run R tests with noLD R. Only triggered by a pull request review
 # See discussion at https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost/pull/6378
 
 name: XGBoost-R-noLD
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ on:
   pull_request_review_comment:
     types: [created]
 
+env:
+  R_PACKAGES: c('XML', 'igraph', 'data.table', 'ggplot2', 'DiagrammeR', 'Ckmeans.1d.dp', 'vcd', 'testthat', 'lintr', 'knitr', 'rmarkdown', 'e1071', 'cplm', 'devtools', 'float', 'titanic')
+
 permissions:
   contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
 
@@ -15,22 +18,26 @@ jobs:
     if: github.event.comment.body == '/gha run r-nold-test' && contains('OWNER,MEMBER,COLLABORATOR', github.event.comment.author_association)
     timeout-minutes: 120
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container:
+    container: rhub/debian-gcc-devel-nold
-      image: rhub/debian-gcc-devel-nold
     steps:
     - name: Install git and system packages
       shell: bash
       run: |
-        apt update && apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev libssh2-1-dev libgit2-dev libglpk-dev libxml2-dev libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev git -y
+        apt-get update && apt-get install -y git libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev libssh2-1-dev libgit2-dev libxml2-dev
 
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
 
     - name: Install dependencies
-      shell: bash -l {0}
+      shell: bash
       run: |
-        /tmp/R-devel/bin/Rscript -e "source('./R-package/tests/helper_scripts/install_deps.R')"
+        cat > install_libs.R <<EOT
+          install.packages(${{ env.R_PACKAGES }},
+                           repos = 'http://cloud.r-project.org',
+                           dependencies = c('Depends', 'Imports', 'LinkingTo'))
+        EOT
+        /tmp/R-devel/bin/Rscript install_libs.R
 
     - name: Run R tests
       shell: bash

.github/workflows/r_tests.yml

@@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ name: XGBoost-R-Tests
 on: [push, pull_request]
 
 env:
+  R_PACKAGES: c('XML', 'data.table', 'ggplot2', 'DiagrammeR', 'Ckmeans.1d.dp', 'vcd', 'testthat', 'lintr', 'knitr', 'rmarkdown', 'e1071', 'cplm', 'devtools', 'float', 'titanic')
   GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+  _R_CHECK_EXAMPLE_TIMING_CPU_TO_ELAPSED_THRESHOLD_: 2.5
 
 permissions:
   contents: read # to fetch code (actions/checkout)
@@ -21,32 +23,41 @@ jobs:
       RSPM: ${{ matrix.config.rspm }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
 
-    - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@50d1eae9b8da0bb3f8582c59a5b82225fa2fe7f2 # v2.3.1
+    - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
       with:
         r-version: ${{ matrix.config.r }}
 
     - name: Cache R packages
-      uses: actions/cache@937d24475381cd9c75ae6db12cb4e79714b926ed # v3.0.11
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
       with:
         path: ${{ env.R_LIBS_USER }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-6-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-5-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
-        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-6-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
+        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-5-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
 
     - name: Install dependencies
       shell: Rscript {0}
       run: |
-        source("./R-package/tests/helper_scripts/install_deps.R")
+        install.packages(${{ env.R_PACKAGES }},
+                         repos = 'http://cloud.r-project.org',
+                         dependencies = c('Depends', 'Imports', 'LinkingTo'))
+    - name: Install igraph on Windows
+      shell: Rscript {0}
+      if: matrix.config.os == 'windows-latest'
+      run: |
+        install.packages('igraph', type='binary')
 
     - name: Run lintr
       run: |
-        MAKEFLAGS="-j$(nproc)" R CMD INSTALL R-package/
+        cd R-package
-        Rscript tests/ci_build/lint_r.R $(pwd)
+        R CMD INSTALL .
+        # Disable lintr errors for now: https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost/issues/8012
+        Rscript tests/helper_scripts/run_lint.R || true
 
-  test-R-on-Windows:
+  test-with-R:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.os }}
     name: Test R on OS ${{ matrix.config.os }}, R ${{ matrix.config.r }}, Compiler ${{ matrix.config.compiler }}, Build ${{ matrix.config.build }}
     strategy:
@@ -54,82 +65,100 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         config:
           - {os: windows-latest, r: 'release', compiler: 'mingw', build: 'autotools'}
-          - {os: windows-latest, r: '4.2.0', compiler: 'msvc', build: 'cmake'}
+          - {os: windows-latest, r: 'release', compiler: 'msvc', build: 'cmake'}
+          - {os: windows-latest, r: 'release', compiler: 'mingw', build: 'cmake'}
     env:
       R_REMOTES_NO_ERRORS_FROM_WARNINGS: true
+      _R_CHECK_EXAMPLE_TIMING_CPU_TO_ELAPSED_THRESHOLD_: 2.5
       RSPM: ${{ matrix.config.rspm }}
 
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
       with:
         submodules: 'true'
 
-    - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@50d1eae9b8da0bb3f8582c59a5b82225fa2fe7f2 # v2.3.1
+    - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
       with:
         r-version: ${{ matrix.config.r }}
 
     - name: Cache R packages
-      uses: actions/cache@937d24475381cd9c75ae6db12cb4e79714b926ed # v3.0.11
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
       with:
         path: ${{ env.R_LIBS_USER }}
-        key: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-6-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-5-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
-        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-6-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
+        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-5-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
 
-    - uses: actions/setup-python@7f80679172b057fc5e90d70d197929d454754a5a # v4.3.0
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      shell: Rscript {0}
+      if: matrix.config.os != 'windows-latest'
+      run: |
+        install.packages(${{ env.R_PACKAGES }},
+                         repos = 'http://cloud.r-project.org',
+                         dependencies = c('Depends', 'Imports', 'LinkingTo'))
+
+    - name: Install binary dependencies
+      shell: Rscript {0}
+      if: matrix.config.os == 'windows-latest'
+      run: |
+        install.packages(${{ env.R_PACKAGES }},
+                         type = 'binary',
+                         repos = 'http://cloud.r-project.org',
+                         dependencies = c('Depends', 'Imports', 'LinkingTo'))
+
+    - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
       with:
         python-version: "3.8"
         architecture: 'x64'
 
+    - name: Test R
+      run: |
+        python tests/ci_build/test_r_package.py --compiler='${{ matrix.config.compiler }}' --build-tool='${{ matrix.config.build }}'
+
+  test-R-CRAN:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config:
+          - {r: 'release'}
+
+    env:
+      _R_CHECK_EXAMPLE_TIMING_CPU_TO_ELAPSED_THRESHOLD_: 2.5
+      MAKE: "make -j$(nproc)"
+
+    steps:
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      with:
+        submodules: 'true'
+
+    - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
+      with:
+        r-version: ${{ matrix.config.r }}
+
     - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-tinytex@v2
 
+    - name: Install system packages
+      run: |
+        sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev libssh2-1-dev libgit2-dev pandoc pandoc-citeproc libglpk-dev
+
+    - name: Cache R packages
+      uses: actions/cache@v2
+      with:
+        path: ${{ env.R_LIBS_USER }}
+        key: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-5-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
+        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-r-${{ matrix.config.r }}-5-${{ hashFiles('R-package/DESCRIPTION') }}
+
     - name: Install dependencies
       shell: Rscript {0}
       run: |
-        source("./R-package/tests/helper_scripts/install_deps.R")
+        install.packages(${{ env.R_PACKAGES }},
+                         repos = 'http://cloud.r-project.org',
+                         dependencies = c('Depends', 'Imports', 'LinkingTo'))
+        install.packages('igraph', repos = 'http://cloud.r-project.org', dependencies = c('Depends', 'Imports', 'LinkingTo'))
 
-    - name: Test R
+    - name: Check R Package
       run: |
-        python tests/ci_build/test_r_package.py --compiler='${{ matrix.config.compiler }}' --build-tool="${{ matrix.config.build }}" --task=check
+        # Print stacktrace upon success of failure
-
+        make Rcheck || tests/ci_build/print_r_stacktrace.sh fail
-  test-R-on-Debian:
+        tests/ci_build/print_r_stacktrace.sh success
-    name: Test R package on Debian
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    container:
-      image: rhub/debian-gcc-devel
-
-    steps:
-    - name: Install system dependencies
-      run: |
-        # Must run before checkout to have the latest git installed.
-        # No need to add pandoc, the container has it figured out.
-        apt update && apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev libssl-dev libssh2-1-dev libgit2-dev libglpk-dev libxml2-dev libharfbuzz-dev libfribidi-dev git -y
-
-    - name: Trust git cloning project sources
-      run: |
-        git config --global --add safe.directory "${GITHUB_WORKSPACE}"
-
-    - uses: actions/checkout@e2f20e631ae6d7dd3b768f56a5d2af784dd54791 # v2.5.0
-      with:
-        submodules: 'true'
-
-    - name: Install dependencies
-      shell: bash -l {0}
-      run: |
-        /tmp/R-devel/bin/Rscript -e "source('./R-package/tests/helper_scripts/install_deps.R')"
-
-    - name: Test R
-      shell: bash -l {0}
-      run: |
-        python3 tests/ci_build/test_r_package.py --r=/tmp/R-devel/bin/R --build-tool=autotools --task=check
-
-    - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v2
-      id: changes
-      with:
-        filters: |
-          r_package:
-            - 'R-package/**'
-
-    - name: Run document check
-      if: steps.changes.outputs.r_package == 'true'
-      run: |
-        python3 tests/ci_build/test_r_package.py --r=/tmp/R-devel/bin/R --task=doc

.github/workflows/scorecards.yml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
 
       - name: "Run analysis"
-        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@99c53751e09b9529366343771cc321ec74e9bd3d # tag=v2.0.6
+        uses: ossf/scorecard-action@865b4092859256271290c77adbd10a43f4779972 # tag=v2.0.3
         with:
           results_file: results.sarif
           results_format: sarif

.github/workflows/update_rapids.yml

@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-name: update-rapids
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  schedule:
-    - cron: "0 20 * * *"  # Run once daily
-
-permissions:
-  pull-requests: write
-  contents: write
-
-defaults:
-  run:
-    shell: bash -l {0}
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-env:
-  GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}  # To use GitHub CLI
-
-jobs:
-  update-rapids:
-    name: Check latest RAPIDS
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      with:
-        submodules: 'true'
-    - name: Check latest RAPIDS and update conftest.sh
-      run: |
-        bash tests/buildkite/update-rapids.sh
-    - name: Create Pull Request
-      uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v5
-      if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/master'
-      with:
-        add-paths: |
-          tests/buildkite
-        branch: create-pull-request/update-rapids
-        base: master
-        title: "[CI] Update RAPIDS to latest stable"
-        commit-message: "[CI] Update RAPIDS to latest stable"
-      

.gitignore

@@ -137,15 +137,5 @@ credentials.csv
 .metals
 .bloop
 
-# python tests
+# hypothesis python tests
-demo/**/*.txt
-*.dmatrix
 .hypothesis
-__MACOSX/
-model*.json
-
-# R tests
-*.libsvm
-*.rds
-Rplots.pdf
-*.zip

.gitmodules

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 	path = dmlc-core
 	url = https://github.com/dmlc/dmlc-core
 	branch = main
+[submodule "cub"]
+	path = cub
+	url = https://github.com/NVlabs/cub
 [submodule "gputreeshap"]
 	path = gputreeshap
 	url = https://github.com/rapidsai/gputreeshap.git

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+sudo: required
+
+dist: bionic
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - secure: "lqkL5SCM/CBwgVb1GWoOngpojsa0zCSGcvF0O3/45rBT1EpNYtQ4LRJ1+XcHi126vdfGoim/8i7AQhn5eOgmZI8yAPBeoUZ5zSrejD3RUpXr2rXocsvRRP25Z4mIuAGHD9VAHtvTdhBZRVV818W02pYduSzAeaY61q/lU3xmWsE="
+    - secure: "mzms6X8uvdhRWxkPBMwx+mDl3d+V1kUpZa7UgjT+dr4rvZMzvKtjKp/O0JZZVogdgZjUZf444B98/7AvWdSkGdkfz2QdmhWmXzNPfNuHtmfCYMdijsgFIGLuD3GviFL/rBiM2vgn32T3QqFiEJiC5StparnnXimPTc9TpXQRq5c="
+
+
+jobs:
+  include:
+    - os: linux
+      arch: s390x
+      env: TASK=s390x_test
+
+# dependent brew packages
+# the dependencies from homebrew is installed manually from setup script due to outdated image from travis.
+addons:
+  homebrew:
+    update: false
+  apt:
+    packages:
+      - unzip
+
+before_install:
+  - source tests/travis/travis_setup_env.sh
+
+install:
+  - source tests/travis/setup.sh
+
+script:
+  - tests/travis/run_test.sh
+
+cache:
+  directories:
+    - ${HOME}/.cache/usr
+    - ${HOME}/.cache/pip
+
+before_cache:
+  - tests/travis/travis_before_cache.sh
+
+after_failure:
+  - tests/travis/travis_after_failure.sh
+
+after_success:
+  - tree build
+  - bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash) -a '-o src/ src/*.c'
+
+notifications:
+  email:
+    on_success: change
+    on_failure: always

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.18 FATAL_ERROR)
-project(xgboost LANGUAGES CXX C VERSION 2.0.0)
+project(xgboost LANGUAGES CXX C VERSION 1.7.6)
 include(cmake/Utils.cmake)
 list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/modules")
 cmake_policy(SET CMP0022 NEW)
@@ -47,11 +47,11 @@ option(USE_NVTX "Build with cuda profiling annotations. Developers only." OFF)
 set(NVTX_HEADER_DIR "" CACHE PATH "Path to the stand-alone nvtx header")
 option(RABIT_MOCK "Build rabit with mock" OFF)
 option(HIDE_CXX_SYMBOLS "Build shared library and hide all C++ symbols" OFF)
-option(KEEP_BUILD_ARTIFACTS_IN_BINARY_DIR "Output build artifacts in CMake binary dir" OFF)
 ## CUDA
 option(USE_CUDA  "Build with GPU acceleration" OFF)
 option(USE_NCCL  "Build with NCCL to enable distributed GPU support." OFF)
 option(BUILD_WITH_SHARED_NCCL "Build with shared NCCL library." OFF)
+option(BUILD_WITH_CUDA_CUB "Build with cub in CUDA installation" OFF)
 set(GPU_COMPUTE_VER "" CACHE STRING
   "Semicolon separated list of compute versions to be built against, e.g. '35;61'")
 ## Copied From dmlc
@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ endif (ENABLE_ALL_WARNINGS)
 if (BUILD_STATIC_LIB AND (R_LIB OR JVM_BINDINGS))
   message(SEND_ERROR "Cannot build a static library libxgboost.a when R or JVM packages are enabled.")
 endif (BUILD_STATIC_LIB AND (R_LIB OR JVM_BINDINGS))
+if (PLUGIN_RMM AND (NOT BUILD_WITH_CUDA_CUB))
+  message(SEND_ERROR "Cannot build with RMM using cub submodule.")
+endif (PLUGIN_RMM AND (NOT BUILD_WITH_CUDA_CUB))
 if (PLUGIN_FEDERATED)
   if (CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING)
     message(SEND_ERROR "Cannot cross compile with federated learning support")
@@ -150,7 +153,9 @@ if (USE_CUDA)
   format_gencode_flags("${GPU_COMPUTE_VER}" GEN_CODE)
   add_subdirectory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/gputreeshap)
 
-  find_package(CUDAToolkit REQUIRED)
+  if ((${CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER_VERSION} VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 11.4) AND (NOT BUILD_WITH_CUDA_CUB))
+    set(BUILD_WITH_CUDA_CUB ON)
+  endif ()
 endif (USE_CUDA)
 
 if (FORCE_COLORED_OUTPUT AND (CMAKE_GENERATOR STREQUAL "Ninja") AND
@@ -271,13 +276,8 @@ if (JVM_BINDINGS)
   xgboost_target_defs(xgboost4j)
 endif (JVM_BINDINGS)
 
-if (KEEP_BUILD_ARTIFACTS_IN_BINARY_DIR)
-  set_output_directory(runxgboost ${xgboost_BINARY_DIR})
-  set_output_directory(xgboost ${xgboost_BINARY_DIR}/lib)
-else ()
 set_output_directory(runxgboost ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR})
 set_output_directory(xgboost ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/lib)
-endif ()
 # Ensure these two targets do not build simultaneously, as they produce outputs with conflicting names
 add_dependencies(xgboost runxgboost)
 

Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+ifndef DMLC_CORE
+	DMLC_CORE = dmlc-core
+endif
+
+ifndef RABIT
+	RABIT = rabit
+endif
+
+ROOTDIR = $(CURDIR)
+
+# workarounds for some buggy old make & msys2 versions seen in windows
+ifeq (NA, $(shell test ! -d "$(ROOTDIR)" && echo NA ))
+        $(warning Attempting to fix non-existing ROOTDIR [$(ROOTDIR)])
+        ROOTDIR := $(shell pwd)
+        $(warning New ROOTDIR [$(ROOTDIR)] $(shell test -d "$(ROOTDIR)" && echo " is OK" ))
+endif
+MAKE_OK := $(shell "$(MAKE)" -v 2> /dev/null)
+ifndef MAKE_OK
+        $(warning Attempting to recover non-functional MAKE [$(MAKE)])
+        MAKE := $(shell which make 2> /dev/null)
+        MAKE_OK := $(shell "$(MAKE)" -v 2> /dev/null)
+endif
+$(warning MAKE [$(MAKE)] - $(if $(MAKE_OK),checked OK,PROBLEM))
+
+include $(DMLC_CORE)/make/dmlc.mk
+
+# set compiler defaults for OSX versus *nix
+# let people override either
+OS := $(shell uname)
+ifeq ($(OS), Darwin)
+ifndef CC
+export CC = $(if $(shell which clang), clang, gcc)
+endif
+ifndef CXX
+export CXX = $(if $(shell which clang++), clang++, g++)
+endif
+else
+# linux defaults
+ifndef CC
+export CC = gcc
+endif
+ifndef CXX
+export CXX = g++
+endif
+endif
+
+export CFLAGS= -DDMLC_LOG_CUSTOMIZE=1 -std=c++14 -Wall -Wno-unknown-pragmas -Iinclude $(ADD_CFLAGS)
+CFLAGS += -I$(DMLC_CORE)/include -I$(RABIT)/include -I$(GTEST_PATH)/include
+
+ifeq ($(TEST_COVER), 1)
+	CFLAGS += -g -O0 -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage
+else
+	CFLAGS += -O3 -funroll-loops
+endif
+
+ifndef LINT_LANG
+	LINT_LANG= "all"
+endif
+
+# specify tensor path
+.PHONY: clean all lint clean_all doxygen rcpplint pypack Rpack Rbuild Rcheck
+
+build/%.o: src/%.cc
+	@mkdir -p $(@D)
+	$(CXX) $(CFLAGS) -MM -MT build/$*.o $< >build/$*.d
+	$(CXX) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
+
+# The should be equivalent to $(ALL_OBJ)  except for build/cli_main.o
+amalgamation/xgboost-all0.o: amalgamation/xgboost-all0.cc
+	$(CXX) -c $(CFLAGS) $< -o $@
+
+rcpplint:
+	python3 dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py xgboost ${LINT_LANG} R-package/src
+
+lint: rcpplint
+	python3 dmlc-core/scripts/lint.py --exclude_path python-package/xgboost/dmlc-core \
+	  python-package/xgboost/include python-package/xgboost/lib \
+	  python-package/xgboost/make python-package/xgboost/rabit \
+	  python-package/xgboost/src --pylint-rc ${PWD}/python-package/.pylintrc xgboost \
+	  ${LINT_LANG} include src python-package
+
+ifeq ($(TEST_COVER), 1)
+cover: check
+	@- $(foreach COV_OBJ, $(COVER_OBJ), \
+		gcov -pbcul -o $(shell dirname $(COV_OBJ)) $(COV_OBJ) > gcov.log || cat gcov.log; \
+	)
+endif
+
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) -rf build lib bin *~ */*~ */*/*~ */*/*/*~ */*.o */*/*.o */*/*/*.o #xgboost
+	$(RM) -rf build_tests *.gcov tests/cpp/xgboost_test
+	if [ -d "R-package/src" ]; then \
+		cd R-package/src; \
+		$(RM) -rf rabit src include dmlc-core amalgamation *.so *.dll; \
+		cd $(ROOTDIR); \
+	fi
+
+clean_all: clean
+	cd $(DMLC_CORE); "$(MAKE)" clean; cd $(ROOTDIR)
+	cd $(RABIT); "$(MAKE)" clean; cd $(ROOTDIR)
+
+# create pip source dist (sdist) pack for PyPI
+pippack: clean_all
+	cd python-package; python setup.py sdist; mv dist/*.tar.gz ..; cd ..
+
+# Script to make a clean installable R package.
+Rpack: clean_all
+	rm -rf xgboost xgboost*.tar.gz
+	cp -r R-package xgboost
+	rm -rf xgboost/src/*.o xgboost/src/*.so xgboost/src/*.dll
+	rm -rf xgboost/src/*/*.o
+	rm -rf xgboost/demo/*.model xgboost/demo/*.buffer xgboost/demo/*.txt
+	rm -rf xgboost/demo/runall.R
+	cp -r src xgboost/src/src
+	cp -r include xgboost/src/include
+	cp -r amalgamation xgboost/src/amalgamation
+	mkdir -p xgboost/src/rabit
+	cp -r rabit/include xgboost/src/rabit/include
+	cp -r rabit/src xgboost/src/rabit/src
+	rm -rf xgboost/src/rabit/src/*.o
+	mkdir -p xgboost/src/dmlc-core
+	cp -r dmlc-core/include xgboost/src/dmlc-core/include
+	cp -r dmlc-core/src xgboost/src/dmlc-core/src
+	cp ./LICENSE xgboost
+	cat R-package/src/Makevars.in|sed '2s/.*/PKGROOT=./' > xgboost/src/Makevars.in
+	cat R-package/src/Makevars.win|sed '2s/.*/PKGROOT=./' > xgboost/src/Makevars.win
+	rm -f xgboost/src/Makevars.win-e   # OSX sed create this extra file; remove it
+	bash R-package/remove_warning_suppression_pragma.sh
+	bash xgboost/remove_warning_suppression_pragma.sh
+	rm xgboost/remove_warning_suppression_pragma.sh
+	rm xgboost/CMakeLists.txt
+	rm -rfv xgboost/tests/helper_scripts/
+
+R ?= R
+
+Rbuild: Rpack
+	$(R) CMD build xgboost
+	rm -rf xgboost
+
+Rcheck: Rbuild
+	$(R) CMD check --as-cran xgboost*.tar.gz
+
+-include build/*.d
+-include build/*/*.d

NEWS.md

@@ -3,225 +3,6 @@ XGBoost Change Log
 
 This file records the changes in xgboost library in reverse chronological order.
 
-## 1.7.6 (2023 Jun 16)
-
-This is a patch release for bug fixes. The CRAN package for the R binding is kept at 1.7.5.
-
-### Bug Fixes
-* Fix distributed training with mixed dense and sparse partitions. (#9272)
-* Fix monotone constraints on CPU with large trees. (#9122)
-* [spark] Make the spark model have the same UID as its estimator (#9022)
-* Optimize prediction with `QuantileDMatrix`. (#9096)
-
-### Document
-* Improve doxygen (#8959)
-* Update the cuDF pip index URL. (#9106)
-
-### Maintenance
-* Fix tests with pandas 2.0. (#9014)
-
-## 1.7.5 (2023 Mar 30)
-This is a patch release for bug fixes.
-
-* C++ requirement is updated to C++-17, along with which, CUDA 11.8 is used as the default CTK. (#8860, #8855, #8853)
-* Fix import for pyspark ranker. (#8692)
-* Fix Windows binary wheel to be compatible with Poetry (#8991)
-* Fix GPU hist with column sampling. (#8850)
-* Make sure iterative DMatrix is properly initialized. (#8997)
-* [R] Update link in document. (#8998)
-
-## 1.7.4 (2023 Feb 16)
-This is a patch release for bug fixes.
-
-* [R] Fix OpenMP detection on macOS. (#8684)
-* [Python] Make sure input numpy array is aligned. (#8690)
-* Fix feature interaction with column sampling in gpu_hist evaluator. (#8754)
-* Fix GPU L1 error. (#8749)
-* [PySpark] Fix feature types param (#8772)
-* Fix ranking with quantile dmatrix and group weight. (#8762)
-
-## 1.7.3 (2023 Jan 6)
-This is a patch release for bug fixes.
-
-* [Breaking] XGBoost Sklearn estimator method `get_params` no longer returns internally configured values. (#8634)
-* Fix linalg iterator, which may crash the L1 error. (#8603)
-* Fix loading pickled GPU model with a CPU-only XGBoost build. (#8632)
-* Fix inference with unseen categories with categorical features. (#8591, #8602)
-* CI fixes. (#8620, #8631, #8579)
-
-## v1.7.2 (2022 Dec 8)
-This is a patch release for bug fixes.
-
-* Work with newer thrust and libcudacxx (#8432)
-* Support null value in CUDA array interface namespace. (#8486)
-* Use `getsockname` instead of `SO_DOMAIN` on AIX. (#8437)
-* [pyspark] Make QDM optional based on a cuDF check (#8471)
-* [pyspark] sort qid for SparkRanker. (#8497)
-* [dask] Properly await async method client.wait_for_workers. (#8558)
-
-* [R] Fix CRAN test notes. (#8428)
-
-* [doc] Fix outdated document [skip ci]. (#8527)
-* [CI] Fix github action mismatched glibcxx. (#8551)
-
-## v1.7.1 (2022 Nov 3)
-This is a patch release to incorporate the following hotfix:
-
-* Add back xgboost.rabit for backwards compatibility (#8411)
-
-
-## v1.7.0 (2022 Oct 20)
-
-We are excited to announce the feature packed XGBoost 1.7 release. The release note will walk through some of the major new features first, then make a summary for other improvements and language-binding-specific changes.
-
-### PySpark
-
-XGBoost 1.7 features initial support for PySpark integration. The new interface is adapted from the existing PySpark XGBoost interface developed by databricks with additional features like `QuantileDMatrix` and the rapidsai plugin (GPU pipeline) support. The new Spark XGBoost Python estimators not only benefit from PySpark ml facilities for powerful distributed computing but also enjoy the rest of the Python ecosystem. Users can define a custom objective, callbacks, and metrics in Python and use them with this interface on distributed clusters. The support is labeled as experimental with more features to come in future releases. For a brief introduction please visit the tutorial on XGBoost's [document page](https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/spark_estimator.html). (#8355, #8344, #8335, #8284, #8271, #8283, #8250, #8231, #8219, #8245, #8217, #8200, #8173, #8172, #8145, #8117, #8131, #8088, #8082, #8085, #8066, #8068, #8067, #8020, #8385)
-
-Due to its initial support status, the new interface has some limitations; categorical features and multi-output models are not yet supported.
-
-### Development of categorical data support
-More progress on the experimental support for categorical features. In 1.7, XGBoost can handle missing values in categorical features and features a new parameter `max_cat_threshold`, which limits the number of categories that can be used in the split evaluation. The parameter is enabled when the partitioning algorithm is used and helps prevent over-fitting. Also, the sklearn interface can now accept the `feature_types` parameter to use data types other than dataframe for categorical features. (#8280, #7821, #8285, #8080, #7948, #7858, #7853, #8212, #7957, #7937, #7934)
-
-
-###  Experimental support for federated learning and new communication collective
-
-An exciting addition to XGBoost is the experimental federated learning support. The federated learning is implemented with a gRPC federated server that aggregates allreduce calls, and federated clients that train on local data and use existing tree methods (approx, hist, gpu_hist). Currently, this only supports horizontal federated learning (samples are split across participants, and each participant has all the features and labels). Future plans include vertical federated learning (features split across participants), and stronger privacy guarantees with homomorphic encryption and differential privacy. See [Demo with NVFlare integration](demo/nvflare/README.md) for example usage with nvflare.
-
-As part of the work, XGBoost 1.7 has replaced the old rabit module with the new collective module as the network communication interface with added support for runtime backend selection. In previous versions, the backend is defined at compile time and can not be changed once built. In this new release, users can choose between `rabit` and `federated.` (#8029, #8351, #8350, #8342, #8340, #8325, #8279, #8181, #8027, #7958, #7831, #7879, #8257, #8316, #8242, #8057, #8203, #8038, #7965, #7930, #7911)
-
-The feature is available in the public PyPI binary package for testing.
-
-### Quantile DMatrix
-Before 1.7, XGBoost has an internal data structure called `DeviceQuantileDMatrix` (and its distributed version). We now extend its support to CPU and renamed it to `QuantileDMatrix`. This data structure is used for optimizing memory usage for the `hist` and `gpu_hist` tree methods. The new feature helps reduce CPU memory usage significantly, especially for dense data. The new `QuantileDMatrix` can be initialized from both CPU and GPU data, and regardless of where the data comes from, the constructed instance can be used by both the CPU algorithm and GPU algorithm including training and prediction (with some overhead of conversion if the device of data and training algorithm doesn't match). Also, a new parameter `ref` is added to `QuantileDMatrix`, which can be used to construct validation/test datasets. Lastly, it's set as default in the scikit-learn interface when a supported tree method is specified by users. (#7889, #7923, #8136, #8215, #8284, #8268, #8220, #8346, #8327, #8130, #8116, #8103, #8094, #8086, #7898, #8060, #8019, #8045, #7901, #7912, #7922)
-
-### Mean absolute error
-The mean absolute error is a new member of the collection of objectives in XGBoost. It's noteworthy since MAE has zero hessian value, which is unusual to XGBoost as XGBoost relies on Newton optimization. Without valid Hessian values, the convergence speed can be slow. As part of the support for MAE, we added line searches into the XGBoost training algorithm to overcome the difficulty of training without valid Hessian values. In the future, we will extend the line search to other objectives where it's appropriate for faster convergence speed. (#8343, #8107, #7812, #8380)
-
-### XGBoost on Browser
-With the help of the [pyodide](https://github.com/pyodide/pyodide) project, you can now run XGBoost on browsers. (#7954, #8369)
-
-### Experimental IPv6 Support for Dask
-
-With the growing adaption of the new internet protocol, XGBoost joined the club. In the latest release, the Dask interface can be used on IPv6 clusters, see XGBoost's Dask tutorial for details. (#8225, #8234)
-
-### Optimizations
-We have new optimizations for both the `hist` and `gpu_hist` tree methods to make XGBoost's training even more efficient.
-
-* Hist
-Hist now supports optional by-column histogram build, which is automatically configured based on various conditions of input data. This helps the XGBoost CPU hist algorithm to scale better with different shapes of training datasets. (#8233, #8259). Also, the build histogram kernel now can better utilize CPU registers (#8218)
-
-* GPU Hist
-GPU hist performance is significantly improved for wide datasets. GPU hist now supports batched node build, which reduces kernel latency and increases throughput. The improvement is particularly significant when growing deep trees with the default ``depthwise`` policy. (#7919, #8073, #8051, #8118, #7867, #7964, #8026)
-
-### Breaking Changes
-Breaking changes made in the 1.7 release are summarized below.
-- The  `grow_local_histmaker`  updater is removed. This updater is rarely used in practice and has no test. We decided to remove it and focus have XGBoot focus on other more efficient algorithms. (#7992, #8091)
-- Single precision histogram is removed due to its lack of accuracy caused by significant floating point error. In some cases the error can be difficult to detect due to log-scale operations, which makes the parameter dangerous to use. (#7892, #7828)
-- Deprecated CUDA architectures are no longer supported in the release binaries. (#7774)
-- As part of the federated learning development, the `rabit` module is replaced with the new `collective` module. It's a drop-in replacement with added runtime backend selection, see the federated learning section for more details (#8257)
-
-### General new features and improvements
-Before diving into package-specific changes, some general new features other than those listed at the beginning are summarized here.
-* Users of `DMatrix` and `QuantileDMatrix` can get the data from XGBoost. In previous versions, only getters for meta info like labels are available. The new method is available in Python (`DMatrix::get_data`) and C. (#8269, #8323)
-* In previous versions, the GPU histogram tree method may generate phantom gradient for missing values due to floating point error. We fixed such an error in this release and XGBoost is much better equated to handle floating point errors when training on GPU. (#8274, #8246)
-* Parameter validation is no longer experimental. (#8206)
-* C pointer parameters and JSON parameters are vigorously checked. (#8254, #8254)
-* Improved handling of JSON model input. (#7953, #7918)
-* Support IBM i OS (#7920, #8178)
-
-### Fixes
-Some noteworthy bug fixes that are not related to specific language binding are listed in this section.
-* Rename misspelled config parameter for pseudo-Huber (#7904)
-* Fix feature weights with nested column sampling. (#8100)
-* Fix loading DMatrix binary in distributed env. (#8149)
-* Force auc.cc to be statically linked for unusual compiler platforms. (#8039)
-* New logic for detecting libomp on macos (#8384).
-
-### Python Package
-* Python 3.8 is now the minimum required Python version. (#8071)
-* More progress on type hint support. Except for the new PySpark interface, the XGBoost module is fully typed. (#7742, #7945, #8302, #7914, #8052)
-* XGBoost now validates the feature names in `inplace_predict`, which also affects the predict function in scikit-learn estimators as it uses `inplace_predict` internally. (#8359)
-* Users can now get the data from `DMatrix` using `DMatrix::get_data` or `QuantileDMatrix::get_data`.
-* Show `libxgboost.so` path in build info. (#7893)
-* Raise import error when using the sklearn module while scikit-learn is missing. (#8049)
-* Use `config_context` in the sklearn interface. (#8141)
-* Validate features for inplace prediction. (#8359)
-* Pandas dataframe handling is refactored to reduce data fragmentation. (#7843)
-* Support more pandas nullable types (#8262)
-* Remove pyarrow workaround. (#7884)
-
-* Binary wheel size
-We aim to enable as many features as possible in XGBoost's default binary distribution on PyPI (package installed with pip), but there's a upper limit on the size of the binary wheel. In 1.7, XGBoost reduces the size of the wheel by pruning unused CUDA architectures. (#8179, #8152, #8150)
-
-* Fixes
-  Some noteworthy fixes are listed here:
-  - Fix the Dask interface with the latest cupy. (#8210)
-  - Check cuDF lazily to avoid potential errors with cuda-python. (#8084)
-* Fix potential error in DMatrix constructor on 32-bit platform. (#8369)
-
-* Maintenance work
-  - Linter script is moved from dmlc-core to XGBoost with added support for formatting, mypy, and parallel run, along with some fixes (#7967, #8101, #8216)
-  - We now require the use of `isort` and `black` for selected files. (#8137, #8096)
-  - Code cleanups. (#7827)
-  - Deprecate `use_label_encoder` in XGBClassifier. The label encoder has already been deprecated and removed in the previous version. These changes only affect the indicator parameter (#7822)
-  - Remove the use of distutils. (#7770)
-  - Refactor and fixes for tests (#8077, #8064, #8078, #8076, #8013, #8010, #8244, #7833)
-
-* Documents
-  - [dask] Fix potential error in demo. (#8079)
-  - Improved documentation for the ranker. (#8356, #8347)
-  - Indicate lack of py-xgboost-gpu on Windows (#8127)
-  - Clarification for feature importance. (#8151)
-  - Simplify Python getting started example (#8153)
-
-### R Package
-We summarize improvements for the R package briefly here:
-* Feature info including names and types are now passed to DMatrix in preparation for categorical feature support. (#804)
-* XGBoost 1.7 can now gracefully load old R models from RDS for better compatibility with 3-party tuning libraries (#7864)
-* The R package now can be built with parallel compilation, along with fixes for warnings in CRAN tests. (#8330)
-* Emit error early if DiagrammeR is missing (#8037)
-* Fix R package Windows build. (#8065)
-
-### JVM Packages
-The consistency between JVM packages and other language bindings is greatly improved in 1.7, improvements range from model serialization format to the default value of hyper-parameters.
-
-* Java package now supports feature names and feature types for DMatrix in preparation for categorical feature support. (#7966)
-* Models trained by the JVM packages can now be safely used with other language bindings. (#7896, #7907)
-* Users can specify the model format when saving models with a stream. (#7940, #7955)
-* The default value for training parameters is now sourced from XGBoost directly, which helps JVM packages be consistent with other packages. (#7938)
-* Set the correct objective if the user doesn't explicitly set it (#7781)
-* Auto-detection of MUSL is replaced by system properties (#7921)
-* Improved error message for launching tracker. (#7952, #7968)
-* Fix a race condition in parameter configuration. (#8025)
-* [Breaking] ` timeoutRequestWorkers` is now removed. With the support for barrier mode, this parameter is no longer needed. (#7839)
-* Dependencies updates. (#7791, #8157, #7801, #8240)
-
-### Documents
-- Document for the C interface is greatly improved and is now displayed at the [sphinx document page](https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/c.html). Thanks to the breathe project, you can view the C API just like the Python API. (#8300)
-- We now avoid having XGBoost internal text parser in demos and recommend users use dedicated libraries for loading data whenever it's feasible. (#7753)
-- Python survival training demos are now displayed at [sphinx gallery](https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/python/survival-examples/index.html). (#8328)
-- Some typos, links, format, and grammar fixes. (#7800, #7832, #7861, #8099, #8163, #8166, #8229, #8028, #8214, #7777, #7905, #8270, #8309, d70e59fef, #7806)
-- Updated winning solution under readme.md (#7862)
-- New security policy. (#8360)
-- GPU document is overhauled as we consider CUDA support to be feature-complete. (#8378)
-
-### Maintenance
-* Code refactoring and cleanups. (#7850, #7826, #7910, #8332, #8204)
-* Reduce compiler warnings. (#7768, #7916, #8046, #8059, #7974, #8031, #8022)
-* Compiler workarounds. (#8211, #8314, #8226, #8093)
-* Dependencies update. (#8001, #7876, #7973, #8298, #7816)
-* Remove warnings emitted in previous versions. (#7815)
-* Small fixes occurred during development. (#8008)
-
-### CI and Tests
-* We overhauled the CI infrastructure to reduce the CI cost and lift the maintenance burdens. Jenkins is replaced with buildkite for better automation, with which, finer control of test runs is implemented to reduce overall cost. Also, we refactored some of the existing tests to reduce their runtime, drooped the size of docker images, and removed multi-GPU C++ tests. Lastly, `pytest-timeout` is added as an optional dependency for running Python tests to keep the test time in check. (#7772, #8291, #8286, #8276, #8306, #8287, #8243, #8313, #8235, #8288, #8303, #8142, #8092, #8333, #8312, #8348)
-* New documents for how to reproduce the CI environment (#7971, #8297)
-* Improved automation for JVM release. (#7882)
-* GitHub Action security-related updates. (#8263, #8267, #8360)
-* Other fixes and maintenance work. (#8154, #7848, #8069, #7943)
-* Small updates and fixes to GitHub action pipelines. (#8364, #8321, #8241, #7950, #8011)
-
 ## v1.6.1 (2022 May 9)
 This is a patch release for bug fixes and Spark barrier mode support. The R package is unchanged.
 

R-package/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ target_compile_definitions(xgboost-r
   -DDMLC_LOG_BEFORE_THROW=0
   -DDMLC_DISABLE_STDIN=1
   -DDMLC_LOG_CUSTOMIZE=1
+  -DRABIT_CUSTOMIZE_MSG_
   -DRABIT_STRICT_CXX98_)
 target_include_directories(xgboost-r
   PRIVATE

R-package/DESCRIPTION

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 Package: xgboost
 Type: Package
 Title: Extreme Gradient Boosting
-Version: 2.0.0.1
+Version: 1.7.6.1
-Date: 2022-10-18
+Date: 2023-06-16
 Authors@R: c(
   person("Tianqi", "Chen", role = c("aut"),
          email = "tianqi.tchen@gmail.com"),
@@ -54,8 +54,10 @@ Suggests:
     Ckmeans.1d.dp (>= 3.3.1),
     vcd (>= 1.3),
     testthat,
+    lintr,
     igraph (>= 1.0.1),
     float,
+    crayon,
     titanic
 Depends:
     R (>= 3.3.0)

R-package/R/callbacks.R

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ cb.evaluation.log <- function() {
     if (is.null(mnames) || any(mnames == ""))
       stop("bst_evaluation must have non-empty names")
 
-    mnames <<- gsub('-', '_', names(env$bst_evaluation), fixed = TRUE)
+    mnames <<- gsub('-', '_', names(env$bst_evaluation))
     if (!is.null(env$bst_evaluation_err))
       mnames <<- c(paste0(mnames, '_mean'), paste0(mnames, '_std'))
   }
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ cb.reset.parameters <- function(new_params) {
 
   if (typeof(new_params) != "list")
     stop("'new_params' must be a list")
-  pnames <- gsub(".", "_", names(new_params), fixed = TRUE)
+  pnames <- gsub("\\.", "_", names(new_params))
   nrounds <- NULL
 
   # run some checks in the beginning
@@ -300,9 +300,9 @@ cb.early.stop <- function(stopping_rounds, maximize = FALSE,
     if (length(env$bst_evaluation) == 0)
       stop("For early stopping, watchlist must have at least one element")
 
-    eval_names <- gsub('-', '_', names(env$bst_evaluation), fixed = TRUE)
+    eval_names <- gsub('-', '_', names(env$bst_evaluation))
     if (!is.null(metric_name)) {
-      metric_idx <<- which(gsub('-', '_', metric_name, fixed = TRUE) == eval_names)
+      metric_idx <<- which(gsub('-', '_', metric_name) == eval_names)
       if (length(metric_idx) == 0)
         stop("'metric_name' for early stopping is not one of the following:\n",
              paste(eval_names, collapse = ' '), '\n')
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ cb.early.stop <- function(stopping_rounds, maximize = FALSE,
 
     # maximize is usually NULL when not set in xgb.train and built-in metrics
     if (is.null(maximize))
-      maximize <<- grepl('(_auc|_map|_ndcg|_pre)', metric_name)
+      maximize <<- grepl('(_auc|_map|_ndcg)', metric_name)
 
     if (verbose && NVL(env$rank, 0) == 0)
       cat("Will train until ", metric_name, " hasn't improved in ",
@@ -592,12 +592,12 @@ cb.cv.predict <- function(save_models = FALSE) {
 #'
 #' #### Multiclass classification:
 #' #
-#' dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(scale(x), label = as.numeric(iris$Species) - 1, nthread = 1)
+#' dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(scale(x), label = as.numeric(iris$Species) - 1, nthread = 2)
 #' param <- list(booster = "gblinear", objective = "multi:softprob", num_class = 3,
-#'               lambda = 0.0003, alpha = 0.0003, nthread = 1)
+#'               lambda = 0.0003, alpha = 0.0003, nthread = 2)
 #' # For the default linear updater 'shotgun' it sometimes is helpful
 #' # to use smaller eta to reduce instability
-#' bst <- xgb.train(param, dtrain, list(tr=dtrain), nrounds = 50, eta = 0.5,
+#' bst <- xgb.train(param, dtrain, list(tr=dtrain), nrounds = 70, eta = 0.5,
 #'                  callbacks = list(cb.gblinear.history()))
 #' # Will plot the coefficient paths separately for each class:
 #' matplot(xgb.gblinear.history(bst, class_index = 0), type = 'l')
@@ -615,11 +615,9 @@ cb.gblinear.history <- function(sparse = FALSE) {
   coefs <- NULL
 
   init <- function(env) {
-    # xgb.train(): bst will be present
+    if (!is.null(env$bst)) { # xgb.train:
-    # xgb.cv(): bst_folds will be present
+    } else if (!is.null(env$bst_folds)) { # xgb.cv:
-    if (is.null(env$bst) && is.null(env$bst_folds)) {
+    } else stop("Parent frame has neither 'bst' nor 'bst_folds'")
-        stop("Parent frame has neither 'bst' nor 'bst_folds'")
-    }
   }
 
   # convert from list to (sparse) matrix

R-package/R/utils.R

@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ check.booster.params <- function(params, ...) {
     stop("params must be a list")
 
   # in R interface, allow for '.' instead of '_' in parameter names
-  names(params) <- gsub(".", "_", names(params), fixed = TRUE)
+  names(params) <- gsub("\\.", "_", names(params))
 
   # merge parameters from the params and the dots-expansion
   dot_params <- list(...)
-  names(dot_params) <- gsub(".", "_", names(dot_params), fixed = TRUE)
+  names(dot_params) <- gsub("\\.", "_", names(dot_params))
   if (length(intersect(names(params),
                        names(dot_params))) > 0)
     stop("Same parameters in 'params' and in the call are not allowed. Please check your 'params' list.")
@@ -251,7 +251,8 @@ generate.cv.folds <- function(nfold, nrows, stratified, label, params) {
 # Creates CV folds stratified by the values of y.
 # It was borrowed from caret::createFolds and simplified
 # by always returning an unnamed list of fold indices.
-xgb.createFolds <- function(y, k = 10) {
+xgb.createFolds <- function(y, k = 10)
+{
   if (is.numeric(y)) {
     ## Group the numeric data based on their magnitudes
     ## and sample within those groups.

R-package/R/xgb.Booster.R

@@ -214,10 +214,6 @@ xgb.Booster.complete <- function(object, saveraw = TRUE) {
 #' Since it quadratically depends on the number of features, it is recommended to perform selection
 #' of the most important features first. See below about the format of the returned results.
 #'
-#' The \code{predict()} method uses as many threads as defined in \code{xgb.Booster} object (all by default).
-#' If you want to change their number, then assign a new number to \code{nthread} using \code{\link{xgb.parameters<-}}.
-#' Note also that converting a matrix to \code{\link{xgb.DMatrix}} uses multiple threads too.
-#'
 #' @return
 #' The return type is different depending whether \code{strict_shape} is set to \code{TRUE}.  By default,
 #' for regression or binary classification, it returns a vector of length \code{nrows(newdata)}.
@@ -634,7 +630,7 @@ xgb.attributes <- function(object) {
 #' @export
 xgb.config <- function(object) {
   handle <- xgb.get.handle(object)
-  .Call(XGBoosterSaveJsonConfig_R, handle)
+  .Call(XGBoosterSaveJsonConfig_R, handle);
 }
 
 #' @rdname xgb.config
@@ -676,7 +672,7 @@ xgb.config <- function(object) {
   if (is.null(names(p)) || any(nchar(names(p)) == 0)) {
     stop("parameter names cannot be empty strings")
   }
-  names(p) <- gsub(".", "_", names(p), fixed = TRUE)
+  names(p) <- gsub("\\.", "_", names(p))
   p <- lapply(p, function(x) as.character(x)[1])
   handle <- xgb.get.handle(object)
   for (i in seq_along(p)) {

R-package/R/xgb.DMatrix.R

@@ -36,37 +36,19 @@ xgb.DMatrix <- function(data, info = list(), missing = NA, silent = FALSE, nthre
     cnames <- colnames(data)
   } else if (inherits(data, "dgCMatrix")) {
     handle <- .Call(
-      XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R,
+      XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R, data@p, data@i, data@x, nrow(data), as.integer(NVL(nthread, -1))
-      data@p,
-      data@i,
-      data@x,
-      nrow(data),
-      missing,
-      as.integer(NVL(nthread, -1))
     )
     cnames <- colnames(data)
   } else if (inherits(data, "dgRMatrix")) {
     handle <- .Call(
-      XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R,
+      XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R, data@p, data@j, data@x, ncol(data), as.integer(NVL(nthread, -1))
-      data@p,
-      data@j,
-      data@x,
-      ncol(data),
-      missing,
-      as.integer(NVL(nthread, -1))
     )
     cnames <- colnames(data)
   } else if (inherits(data, "dsparseVector")) {
     indptr <- c(0L, as.integer(length(data@i)))
     ind <- as.integer(data@i) - 1L
     handle <- .Call(
-      XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R,
+      XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R, indptr, ind, data@x, length(data), as.integer(NVL(nthread, -1))
-      indptr,
-      ind,
-      data@x,
-      length(data),
-      missing,
-      as.integer(NVL(nthread, -1))
     )
   } else {
     stop("xgb.DMatrix does not support construction from ", typeof(data))
@@ -346,6 +328,7 @@ setinfo.xgb.DMatrix <- function(object, name, info, ...) {
     return(TRUE)
   }
   stop("setinfo: unknown info name ", name)
+  return(FALSE)
 }
 
 
@@ -435,7 +418,7 @@ print.xgb.DMatrix <- function(x, verbose = FALSE, ...) {
   cat(infos)
   cnames <- colnames(x)
   cat('  colnames:')
-  if (verbose && !is.null(cnames)) {
+  if (verbose & !is.null(cnames)) {
     cat("\n'")
     cat(cnames, sep = "','")
     cat("'")

R-package/R/xgb.cv.R

@@ -75,11 +75,9 @@
 #' @details
 #' The original sample is randomly partitioned into \code{nfold} equal size subsamples.
 #'
-#' Of the \code{nfold} subsamples, a single subsample is retained as the validation data for testing the model,
+#' Of the \code{nfold} subsamples, a single subsample is retained as the validation data for testing the model, and the remaining \code{nfold - 1} subsamples are used as training data.
-#' and the remaining \code{nfold - 1} subsamples are used as training data.
 #'
-#' The cross-validation process is then repeated \code{nrounds} times, with each of the
+#' The cross-validation process is then repeated \code{nrounds} times, with each of the \code{nfold} subsamples used exactly once as the validation data.
-#' \code{nfold} subsamples used exactly once as the validation data.
 #'
 #' All observations are used for both training and validation.
 #'

R-package/R/xgb.ggplot.R

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #' @rdname xgb.plot.importance
 #' @export
 xgb.ggplot.importance <- function(importance_matrix = NULL, top_n = NULL, measure = NULL,
-                                  rel_to_first = FALSE, n_clusters = seq_len(10), ...) {
+                                  rel_to_first = FALSE, n_clusters = c(1:10), ...) {
 
   importance_matrix <- xgb.plot.importance(importance_matrix, top_n = top_n, measure = measure,
                                            rel_to_first = rel_to_first, plot = FALSE, ...)

R-package/R/xgb.importance.R

@@ -104,11 +104,7 @@ xgb.importance <- function(feature_names = NULL, model = NULL, trees = NULL,
       XGBoosterFeatureScore_R, model$handle, jsonlite::toJSON(args, auto_unbox = TRUE, null = "null")
     )
     names(results) <- c("features", "shape", "weight")
-    if (length(results$shape) == 2) {
+    n_classes <-  if (length(results$shape) == 2) { results$shape[2] } else { 0 }
-        n_classes <- results$shape[2]
-    } else {
-        n_classes <- 0
-    }
     importance <- if (n_classes == 0) {
       data.table(Feature = results$features, Weight = results$weight)[order(-abs(Weight))]
     } else {

R-package/R/xgb.plot.importance.R

@@ -102,9 +102,7 @@ xgb.plot.importance <- function(importance_matrix = NULL, top_n = NULL, measure
     original_mar <- par()$mar
 
     # reset margins so this function doesn't have side effects
-    on.exit({
+    on.exit({par(mar = original_mar)})
-        par(mar = original_mar)
-    })
 
     mar <- original_mar
     if (!is.null(left_margin))

R-package/R/xgb.plot.multi.trees.R

@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ xgb.plot.multi.trees <- function(model, feature_names = NULL, features_keep = 5,
         , by = .(abs.node.position, Feature)
       ][, .(Text = paste0(
               paste0(
-                Feature[seq_len(min(length(Feature), features_keep))],
+                Feature[1:min(length(Feature), features_keep)],
                 " (",
-                format(Quality[seq_len(min(length(Quality), features_keep))], digits = 5),
+                format(Quality[1:min(length(Quality), features_keep)], digits = 5),
                 ")"
               ),
               collapse = "\n"

R-package/R/xgb.plot.shap.R

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ xgb.plot.shap <- function(data, shap_contrib = NULL, features = NULL, top_n = 1,
       y <- shap_contrib[, f][ord]
       x_lim <- range(x, na.rm = TRUE)
       y_lim <- range(y, na.rm = TRUE)
-      do_na <- plot_NA && anyNA(x)
+      do_na <- plot_NA && any(is.na(x))
       if (do_na) {
         x_range <- diff(x_lim)
         loc_na <- min(x, na.rm = TRUE) + x_range * pos_NA
@@ -272,8 +272,8 @@ xgb.shap.data <- function(data, shap_contrib = NULL, features = NULL, top_n = 1,
       imp <- xgb.importance(model = model, trees = trees, feature_names = colnames(data))
     }
     top_n <- top_n[1]
-    if (top_n < 1 || top_n > 100) stop("top_n: must be an integer within [1, 100]")
+    if (top_n < 1 | top_n > 100) stop("top_n: must be an integer within [1, 100]")
-    features <- imp$Feature[seq_len(min(top_n, NROW(imp)))]
+    features <- imp$Feature[1:min(top_n, NROW(imp))]
   }
   if (is.character(features)) {
     features <- match(features, colnames(data))

R-package/R/xgb.train.R

@@ -18,37 +18,17 @@
 #' 2.1. Parameters for Tree Booster
 #'
 #' \itemize{
-#'   \item{ \code{eta} control the learning rate: scale the contribution of each tree by a factor of \code{0 < eta < 1}
+#'   \item \code{eta} control the learning rate: scale the contribution of each tree by a factor of \code{0 < eta < 1} when it is added to the current approximation. Used to prevent overfitting by making the boosting process more conservative. Lower value for \code{eta} implies larger value for \code{nrounds}: low \code{eta} value means model more robust to overfitting but slower to compute. Default: 0.3
-#'          when it is added to the current approximation.
+#'   \item \code{gamma} minimum loss reduction required to make a further partition on a leaf node of the tree. the larger, the more conservative the algorithm will be.
-#'          Used to prevent overfitting by making the boosting process more conservative.
-#'          Lower value for \code{eta} implies larger value for \code{nrounds}: low \code{eta} value means model
-#'          more robust to overfitting but slower to compute. Default: 0.3}
-#'   \item{ \code{gamma} minimum loss reduction required to make a further partition on a leaf node of the tree.
-#'          the larger, the more conservative the algorithm will be.}
 #'   \item \code{max_depth} maximum depth of a tree. Default: 6
-#'   \item{\code{min_child_weight} minimum sum of instance weight (hessian) needed in a child.
+#'   \item \code{min_child_weight} minimum sum of instance weight (hessian) needed in a child. If the tree partition step results in a leaf node with the sum of instance weight less than min_child_weight, then the building process will give up further partitioning. In linear regression mode, this simply corresponds to minimum number of instances needed to be in each node. The larger, the more conservative the algorithm will be. Default: 1
-#'         If the tree partition step results in a leaf node with the sum of instance weight less than min_child_weight,
+#'   \item \code{subsample} subsample ratio of the training instance. Setting it to 0.5 means that xgboost randomly collected half of the data instances to grow trees and this will prevent overfitting. It makes computation shorter (because less data to analyse). It is advised to use this parameter with \code{eta} and increase \code{nrounds}. Default: 1
-#'         then the building process will give up further partitioning.
-#'         In linear regression mode, this simply corresponds to minimum number of instances needed to be in each node.
-#'         The larger, the more conservative the algorithm will be. Default: 1}
-#'   \item{ \code{subsample} subsample ratio of the training instance.
-#'         Setting it to 0.5 means that xgboost randomly collected half of the data instances to grow trees
-#'         and this will prevent overfitting. It makes computation shorter (because less data to analyse).
-#'         It is advised to use this parameter with \code{eta} and increase \code{nrounds}. Default: 1}
 #'   \item \code{colsample_bytree} subsample ratio of columns when constructing each tree. Default: 1
 #'   \item \code{lambda} L2 regularization term on weights. Default: 1
 #'   \item \code{alpha} L1 regularization term on weights. (there is no L1 reg on bias because it is not important). Default: 0
-#'   \item{ \code{num_parallel_tree} Experimental parameter. number of trees to grow per round.
+#'   \item \code{num_parallel_tree} Experimental parameter. number of trees to grow per round. Useful to test Random Forest through XGBoost (set \code{colsample_bytree < 1}, \code{subsample  < 1}  and \code{round = 1}) accordingly. Default: 1
-#'          Useful to test Random Forest through XGBoost
+#'   \item \code{monotone_constraints} A numerical vector consists of \code{1}, \code{0} and \code{-1} with its length equals to the number of features in the training data. \code{1} is increasing, \code{-1} is decreasing and \code{0} is no constraint.
-#'          (set \code{colsample_bytree < 1}, \code{subsample  < 1}  and \code{round = 1}) accordingly.
+#'   \item \code{interaction_constraints} A list of vectors specifying feature indices of permitted interactions. Each item of the list represents one permitted interaction where specified features are allowed to interact with each other. Feature index values should start from \code{0} (\code{0} references the first column).  Leave argument unspecified for no interaction constraints.
-#'          Default: 1}
-#'   \item{ \code{monotone_constraints} A numerical vector consists of \code{1}, \code{0} and \code{-1} with its length
-#'          equals to the number of features in the training data.
-#'          \code{1} is increasing, \code{-1} is decreasing and \code{0} is no constraint.}
-#'   \item{ \code{interaction_constraints} A list of vectors specifying feature indices of permitted interactions.
-#'        Each item of the list represents one permitted interaction where specified features are allowed to interact with each other.
-#'        Feature index values should start from \code{0} (\code{0} references the first column).
-#'        Leave argument unspecified for no interaction constraints.}
 #' }
 #'
 #' 2.2. Parameters for Linear Booster
@@ -62,53 +42,29 @@
 #' 3. Task Parameters
 #'
 #' \itemize{
-#' \item{ \code{objective} specify the learning task and the corresponding learning objective, users can pass a self-defined function to it.
+#' \item \code{objective} specify the learning task and the corresponding learning objective, users can pass a self-defined function to it. The default objective options are below:
-#'        The default objective options are below:
 #'   \itemize{
 #'     \item \code{reg:squarederror} Regression with squared loss (Default).
-#'     \item{ \code{reg:squaredlogerror}: regression with squared log loss \eqn{1/2 * (log(pred + 1) - log(label + 1))^2}.
+#'     \item \code{reg:squaredlogerror}: regression with squared log loss \eqn{1/2 * (log(pred + 1) - log(label + 1))^2}. All inputs are required to be greater than -1. Also, see metric rmsle for possible issue with this objective.
-#'            All inputs are required to be greater than -1.
-#'            Also, see metric rmsle for possible issue with this objective.}
 #'     \item \code{reg:logistic} logistic regression.
 #'     \item \code{reg:pseudohubererror}: regression with Pseudo Huber loss, a twice differentiable alternative to absolute loss.
 #'     \item \code{binary:logistic} logistic regression for binary classification. Output probability.
 #'     \item \code{binary:logitraw} logistic regression for binary classification, output score before logistic transformation.
 #'     \item \code{binary:hinge}: hinge loss for binary classification. This makes predictions of 0 or 1, rather than producing probabilities.
-#'     \item{ \code{count:poisson}: Poisson regression for count data, output mean of Poisson distribution.
+#'     \item \code{count:poisson}: Poisson regression for count data, output mean of Poisson distribution. \code{max_delta_step} is set to 0.7 by default in poisson regression (used to safeguard optimization).
-#'            \code{max_delta_step} is set to 0.7 by default in poisson regression (used to safeguard optimization).}
+#'     \item \code{survival:cox}: Cox regression for right censored survival time data (negative values are considered right censored). Note that predictions are returned on the hazard ratio scale (i.e., as HR = exp(marginal_prediction) in the proportional hazard function \code{h(t) = h0(t) * HR)}.
-#'     \item{ \code{survival:cox}: Cox regression for right censored survival time data (negative values are considered right censored).
+#'     \item \code{survival:aft}: Accelerated failure time model for censored survival time data. See \href{https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/aft_survival_analysis.html}{Survival Analysis with Accelerated Failure Time} for details.
-#'            Note that predictions are returned on the hazard ratio scale (i.e., as HR = exp(marginal_prediction) in the proportional
-#'            hazard function \code{h(t) = h0(t) * HR)}.}
-#'     \item{ \code{survival:aft}: Accelerated failure time model for censored survival time data. See
-#'            \href{https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/aft_survival_analysis.html}{Survival Analysis with Accelerated Failure Time}
-#'            for details.}
 #'     \item \code{aft_loss_distribution}: Probability Density Function used by \code{survival:aft} and \code{aft-nloglik} metric.
-#'     \item{ \code{multi:softmax} set xgboost to do multiclass classification using the softmax objective.
+#'     \item \code{multi:softmax} set xgboost to do multiclass classification using the softmax objective. Class is represented by a number and should be from 0 to \code{num_class - 1}.
-#'            Class is represented by a number and should be from 0 to \code{num_class - 1}.}
+#'     \item \code{multi:softprob} same as softmax, but prediction outputs a vector of ndata * nclass elements, which can be further reshaped to ndata, nclass matrix. The result contains predicted probabilities of each data point belonging to each class.
-#'     \item{ \code{multi:softprob} same as softmax, but prediction outputs a vector of ndata * nclass elements, which can be
-#'            further reshaped to ndata, nclass matrix. The result contains predicted probabilities of each data point belonging
-#'            to each class.}
 #'     \item \code{rank:pairwise} set xgboost to do ranking task by minimizing the pairwise loss.
-#'     \item{ \code{rank:ndcg}: Use LambdaMART to perform list-wise ranking where
+#'     \item \code{rank:ndcg}: Use LambdaMART to perform list-wise ranking where \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_cumulative_gain}{Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG)} is maximized.
-#'            \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_cumulative_gain}{Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG)} is maximized.}
+#'     \item \code{rank:map}: Use LambdaMART to perform list-wise ranking where \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluation_measures_(information_retrieval)#Mean_average_precision}{Mean Average Precision (MAP)} is maximized.
-#'     \item{ \code{rank:map}: Use LambdaMART to perform list-wise ranking where
+#'     \item \code{reg:gamma}: gamma regression with log-link. Output is a mean of gamma distribution. It might be useful, e.g., for modeling insurance claims severity, or for any outcome that might be \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution#Applications}{gamma-distributed}.
-#'            \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluation_measures_(information_retrieval)#Mean_average_precision}{Mean Average Precision (MAP)}
+#'     \item \code{reg:tweedie}: Tweedie regression with log-link. It might be useful, e.g., for modeling total loss in insurance, or for any outcome that might be \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweedie_distribution#Applications}{Tweedie-distributed}.
-#'            is maximized.}
-#'     \item{ \code{reg:gamma}: gamma regression with log-link.
-#'            Output is a mean of gamma distribution.
-#'            It might be useful, e.g., for modeling insurance claims severity, or for any outcome that might be
-#'            \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution#Applications}{gamma-distributed}.}
-#'     \item{ \code{reg:tweedie}: Tweedie regression with log-link.
-#'            It might be useful, e.g., for modeling total loss in insurance, or for any outcome that might be
-#'            \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweedie_distribution#Applications}{Tweedie-distributed}.}
-#'   }
 #'   }
 #'   \item \code{base_score} the initial prediction score of all instances, global bias. Default: 0.5
-#'   \item{ \code{eval_metric} evaluation metrics for validation data.
+#'   \item \code{eval_metric} evaluation metrics for validation data. Users can pass a self-defined function to it. Default: metric will be assigned according to objective(rmse for regression, and error for classification, mean average precision for ranking). List is provided in detail section.
-#'          Users can pass a self-defined function to it.
-#'          Default: metric will be assigned according to objective
-#'          (rmse for regression, and error for classification, mean average precision for ranking).
-#'          List is provided in detail section.}
 #' }
 #'
 #' @param data training dataset. \code{xgb.train} accepts only an \code{xgb.DMatrix} as the input.
@@ -185,8 +141,7 @@
 #'      \item \code{merror} Multiclass classification error rate. It is calculated as \code{(# wrong cases) / (# all cases)}.
 #'      \item \code{mae} Mean absolute error
 #'      \item \code{mape} Mean absolute percentage error
-#'      \item{ \code{auc} Area under the curve.
+#'      \item \code{auc} Area under the curve. \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic#'Area_under_curve} for ranking evaluation.
-#'             \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic#'Area_under_curve} for ranking evaluation.}
 #'      \item \code{aucpr} Area under the PR curve. \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_and_recall} for ranking evaluation.
 #'      \item \code{ndcg} Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (for ranking task). \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDCG}
 #'   }
@@ -321,10 +276,6 @@ xgb.train <- function(params = list(), data, nrounds, watchlist = list(),
     if (is.null(evnames) || any(evnames == ""))
       stop("each element of the watchlist must have a name tag")
   }
-  # Handle multiple evaluation metrics given as a list
-  for (m in params$eval_metric) {
-    params <- c(params, list(eval_metric = m))
-  }
 
   # evaluation printing callback
   params <- c(params)
@@ -393,7 +344,7 @@ xgb.train <- function(params = list(), data, nrounds, watchlist = list(),
     xgb.iter.update(bst$handle, dtrain, iteration - 1, obj)
 
     if (length(watchlist) > 0)
-      bst_evaluation <- xgb.iter.eval(bst$handle, watchlist, iteration - 1, feval)  # nolint: object_usage_linter
+      bst_evaluation <- xgb.iter.eval(bst$handle, watchlist, iteration - 1, feval)
 
     xgb.attr(bst$handle, 'niter') <- iteration - 1
 

R-package/configure

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #! /bin/sh
 # Guess values for system-dependent variables and create Makefiles.
-# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for xgboost 2.0.0.
+# Generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71 for xgboost 1.7.6.
 #
 #
 # Copyright (C) 1992-1996, 1998-2017, 2020-2021 Free Software Foundation,
@@ -607,8 +607,8 @@ MAKEFLAGS=
 # Identity of this package.
 PACKAGE_NAME='xgboost'
 PACKAGE_TARNAME='xgboost'
-PACKAGE_VERSION='2.0.0'
+PACKAGE_VERSION='1.7.6'
-PACKAGE_STRING='xgboost 2.0.0'
+PACKAGE_STRING='xgboost 1.7.6'
 PACKAGE_BUGREPORT=''
 PACKAGE_URL=''
 
@@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ if test "$ac_init_help" = "long"; then
   # Omit some internal or obsolete options to make the list less imposing.
   # This message is too long to be a string in the A/UX 3.1 sh.
   cat <<_ACEOF
-\`configure' configures xgboost 2.0.0 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
+\`configure' configures xgboost 1.7.6 to adapt to many kinds of systems.
 
 Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...
 
@@ -1287,7 +1287,7 @@ fi
 
 if test -n "$ac_init_help"; then
   case $ac_init_help in
-     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of xgboost 2.0.0:";;
+     short | recursive ) echo "Configuration of xgboost 1.7.6:";;
    esac
   cat <<\_ACEOF
 
@@ -1367,7 +1367,7 @@ fi
 test -n "$ac_init_help" && exit $ac_status
 if $ac_init_version; then
   cat <<\_ACEOF
-xgboost configure 2.0.0
+xgboost configure 1.7.6
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71
 
 Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
@@ -1533,7 +1533,7 @@ cat >config.log <<_ACEOF
 This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
 running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.
 
-It was created by xgboost $as_me 2.0.0, which was
+It was created by xgboost $as_me 1.7.6, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71.  Invocation command line was
 
   $ $0$ac_configure_args_raw
@@ -3412,7 +3412,7 @@ cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<\_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 # report actual input values of CONFIG_FILES etc. instead of their
 # values after options handling.
 ac_log="
-This file was extended by xgboost $as_me 2.0.0, which was
+This file was extended by xgboost $as_me 1.7.6, which was
 generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71.  Invocation command line was
 
   CONFIG_FILES    = $CONFIG_FILES
@@ -3467,7 +3467,7 @@ ac_cs_config_escaped=`printf "%s\n" "$ac_cs_config" | sed "s/^ //; s/'/'\\\\\\\\
 cat >>$CONFIG_STATUS <<_ACEOF || ac_write_fail=1
 ac_cs_config='$ac_cs_config_escaped'
 ac_cs_version="\\
-xgboost config.status 2.0.0
+xgboost config.status 1.7.6
 configured by $0, generated by GNU Autoconf 2.71,
   with options \\"\$ac_cs_config\\"
 

R-package/configure.ac

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 AC_PREREQ(2.69)
 
-AC_INIT([xgboost],[2.0.0],[],[xgboost],[])
+AC_INIT([xgboost],[1.7.6],[],[xgboost],[])
 
 : ${R_HOME=`R RHOME`}
 if test -z "${R_HOME}"; then

R-package/demo/caret_wrapper.R

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 # install development version of caret library that contains xgboost models
+devtools::install_github("topepo/caret/pkg/caret")
 require(caret)
 require(xgboost)
 require(data.table)
@@ -7,23 +8,14 @@ require(e1071)
 
 # Load Arthritis dataset in memory.
 data(Arthritis)
-# Create a copy of the dataset with data.table package
+# Create a copy of the dataset with data.table package (data.table is 100% compliant with R dataframe but its syntax is a lot more consistent and its performance are really good).
-# (data.table is 100% compliant with R dataframe but its syntax is a lot more consistent
-# and its performance are really good).
 df <- data.table(Arthritis, keep.rownames = FALSE)
 
-# Let's add some new categorical features to see if it helps.
+# Let's add some new categorical features to see if it helps. Of course these feature are highly correlated to the Age feature. Usually it's not a good thing in ML, but Tree algorithms (including boosted trees) are able to select the best features, even in case of highly correlated features.
-# Of course these feature are highly correlated to the Age feature.
+# For the first feature we create groups of age by rounding the real age. Note that we transform it to factor (categorical data) so the algorithm treat them as independant values.
-# Usually it's not a good thing in ML, but Tree algorithms (including boosted trees) are able to select the best features,
-# even in case of highly correlated features.
-# For the first feature we create groups of age by rounding the real age.
-# Note that we transform it to factor (categorical data) so the algorithm treat them as independant values.
 df[, AgeDiscret := as.factor(round(Age / 10, 0))]
 
-# Here is an even stronger simplification of the real age with an arbitrary split at 30 years old.
+# Here is an even stronger simplification of the real age with an arbitrary split at 30 years old. I choose this value based on nothing. We will see later if simplifying the information based on arbitrary values is a good strategy (I am sure you already have an idea of how well it will work!).
-# I choose this value based on nothing.
-# We will see later if simplifying the information based on arbitrary values is a good strategy
-# (I am sure you already have an idea of how well it will work!).
 df[, AgeCat := as.factor(ifelse(Age > 30, "Old", "Young"))]
 
 # We remove ID as there is nothing to learn from this feature (it will just add some noise as the dataset is small).
@@ -36,8 +28,7 @@ fitControl <- trainControl(method = "repeatedcv", number = 10, repeats = 2, sear
 # train a xgbTree model using caret::train
 model <- train(factor(Improved)~., data = df, method = "xgbTree", trControl = fitControl)
 
-# Instead of tree for our boosters, you can also fit a linear regression or logistic regression model
+# Instead of tree for our boosters, you can also fit a linear regression or logistic regression model using xgbLinear
-# using xgbLinear
 # model <- train(factor(Improved)~., data = df, method = "xgbLinear", trControl = fitControl)
 
 # See model results

R-package/demo/create_sparse_matrix.R

@@ -7,47 +7,34 @@ if (!require(vcd)) {
 }
 # According to its documentation, XGBoost works only on numbers.
 # Sometimes the dataset we have to work on have categorical data.
-# A categorical variable is one which have a fixed number of values.
+# A categorical variable is one which have a fixed number of values. By example, if for each observation a variable called "Colour" can have only "red", "blue" or "green" as value, it is a categorical variable.
-# By example, if for each observation a variable called "Colour" can have only
-# "red", "blue" or "green" as value, it is a categorical variable.
 #
 # In R, categorical variable is called Factor.
 # Type ?factor in console for more information.
 #
-# In this demo we will see how to transform a dense dataframe with categorical variables to a sparse matrix
+# In this demo we will see how to transform a dense dataframe with categorical variables to a sparse matrix before analyzing it in XGBoost.
-# before analyzing it in XGBoost.
 # The method we are going to see is usually called "one hot encoding".
 
 #load Arthritis dataset in memory.
 data(Arthritis)
 
-# create a copy of the dataset with data.table package
+# create a copy of the dataset with data.table package (data.table is 100% compliant with R dataframe but its syntax is a lot more consistent and its performance are really good).
-# (data.table is 100% compliant with R dataframe but its syntax is a lot more consistent
-# and its performance are really good).
 df <- data.table(Arthritis, keep.rownames = FALSE)
 
 # Let's have a look to the data.table
 cat("Print the dataset\n")
 print(df)
 
-# 2 columns have factor type, one has ordinal type
+# 2 columns have factor type, one has ordinal type (ordinal variable is a categorical variable with values which can be ordered, here: None > Some > Marked).
-# (ordinal variable is a categorical variable with values which can be ordered, here: None > Some > Marked).
 cat("Structure of the dataset\n")
 str(df)
 
-# Let's add some new categorical features to see if it helps.
+# Let's add some new categorical features to see if it helps. Of course these feature are highly correlated to the Age feature. Usually it's not a good thing in ML, but Tree algorithms (including boosted trees) are able to select the best features, even in case of highly correlated features.
-# Of course these feature are highly correlated to the Age feature.
-# Usually it's not a good thing in ML, but Tree algorithms (including boosted trees) are able to select the best features,
-# even in case of highly correlated features.
 
-# For the first feature we create groups of age by rounding the real age.
+# For the first feature we create groups of age by rounding the real age. Note that we transform it to factor (categorical data) so the algorithm treat them as independent values.
-# Note that we transform it to factor (categorical data) so the algorithm treat them as independent values.
 df[, AgeDiscret := as.factor(round(Age / 10, 0))]
 
-# Here is an even stronger simplification of the real age with an arbitrary split at 30 years old.
+# Here is an even stronger simplification of the real age with an arbitrary split at 30 years old. I choose this value based on nothing. We will see later if simplifying the information based on arbitrary values is a good strategy (I am sure you already have an idea of how well it will work!).
-# I choose this value based on nothing.
-# We will see later if simplifying the information based on arbitrary values is a good strategy
-# (I am sure you already have an idea of how well it will work!).
 df[, AgeCat := as.factor(ifelse(Age > 30, "Old", "Young"))]
 
 # We remove ID as there is nothing to learn from this feature (it will just add some noise as the dataset is small).
@@ -61,10 +48,7 @@ print(levels(df[, Treatment]))
 # This method is also called one hot encoding.
 # The purpose is to transform each value of each categorical feature in one binary feature.
 #
-# Let's take, the column Treatment will be replaced by two columns, Placebo, and Treated.
+# Let's take, the column Treatment will be replaced by two columns, Placebo, and Treated. Each of them will be binary. For example an observation which had the value Placebo in column Treatment before the transformation will have, after the transformation, the value 1 in the new column Placebo and the value 0 in the new column  Treated.
-# Each of them will be binary.
-# For example an observation which had the value Placebo in column Treatment before the transformation will have, after the transformation,
-# the value 1 in the new column Placebo and the value 0 in the new column  Treated.
 #
 # Formulae Improved~.-1 used below means transform all categorical features but column Improved to binary values.
 # Column Improved is excluded because it will be our output column, the one we want to predict.
@@ -86,10 +70,7 @@ bst <- xgboost(data = sparse_matrix, label = output_vector, max_depth = 9,
 
 importance <- xgb.importance(feature_names = colnames(sparse_matrix), model = bst)
 print(importance)
-# According to the matrix below, the most important feature in this dataset to predict if the treatment will work is the Age.
+# According to the matrix below, the most important feature in this dataset to predict if the treatment will work is the Age. The second most important feature is having received a placebo or not. The sex is third. Then we see our generated features (AgeDiscret). We can see that their contribution is very low (Gain column).
-# The second most important feature is having received a placebo or not.
-# The sex is third.
-# Then we see our generated features (AgeDiscret). We can see that their contribution is very low (Gain column).
 
 # Does these result make sense?
 # Let's check some Chi2 between each of these features and the outcome.
@@ -101,17 +82,8 @@ print(chisq.test(df$AgeDiscret, df$Y))
 # Our first simplification of Age gives a Pearson correlation of 8.
 
 print(chisq.test(df$AgeCat, df$Y))
-# The perfectly random split I did between young and old at 30 years old have a low correlation of 2.
+# The perfectly random split I did between young and old at 30 years old have a low correlation of 2. It's a result we may expect as may be in my mind > 30 years is being old (I am 32 and starting feeling old, this may explain that), but  for the illness we are studying, the age to be vulnerable is not the same. Don't let your "gut" lower the quality of your model. In "data science", there is science :-)
-# It's a result we may expect as may be in my mind > 30 years is being old (I am 32 and starting feeling old, this may explain that),
-# but for the illness we are studying, the age to be vulnerable is not the same.
-# Don't let your "gut" lower the quality of your model. In "data science", there is science :-)
 
-# As you can see, in general destroying information by simplifying it won't improve your model.
+# As you can see, in general destroying information by simplifying it won't improve your model. Chi2 just demonstrates that. But in more complex cases, creating a new feature based on existing one which makes link with the outcome more obvious may help the algorithm and improve the model. The case studied here is not enough complex to show that. Check Kaggle forum for some challenging datasets.
-# Chi2 just demonstrates that.
-# But in more complex cases, creating a new feature based on existing one which makes link with the outcome
-# more obvious may help the algorithm and improve the model.
-# The case studied here is not enough complex to show that. Check Kaggle forum for some challenging datasets.
 # However it's almost always worse when you add some arbitrary rules.
-# Moreover, you can notice that even if we have added some not useful new features highly correlated with
+# Moreover, you can notice that even if we have added some not useful new features highly correlated with other features, the boosting tree algorithm have been able to choose the best one, which in this case is the Age. Linear model may not be that strong in these scenario.
-# other features, the boosting tree algorithm have been able to choose the best one, which in this case is the Age.
-# Linear model may not be that strong in these scenario.

R-package/demo/cross_validation.R

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ cat('running cross validation\n')
 # do cross validation, this will print result out as
 # [iteration]  metric_name:mean_value+std_value
 # std_value is standard deviation of the metric
-xgb.cv(param, dtrain, nrounds, nfold = 5, metrics = 'error')
+xgb.cv(param, dtrain, nrounds, nfold = 5, metrics = {'error'})
 
 cat('running cross validation, disable standard deviation display\n')
 # do cross validation, this will print result out as

R-package/demo/interaction_constraints.R

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ treeInteractions <- function(input_tree, input_max_depth) {
   }
 
   # Extract nodes with interactions
-  interaction_trees <- trees[!is.na(Split) & !is.na(parent_1),  # nolint: object_usage_linter
+  interaction_trees <- trees[!is.na(Split) & !is.na(parent_1),
                              c('Feature', paste0('parent_feat_', 1:(input_max_depth - 1))),
                              with = FALSE]
   interaction_trees_split <- split(interaction_trees, seq_len(nrow(interaction_trees)))

R-package/demo/runall.R

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# running all scripts in demo folder, removed during packaging.
+# running all scripts in demo folder
 demo(basic_walkthrough, package = 'xgboost')
 demo(custom_objective, package = 'xgboost')
 demo(boost_from_prediction, package = 'xgboost')

R-package/inst/make-r-def.R

@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ end_of_table <- empty_lines[empty_lines > start_index][1L]
 
 # Read the contents of the table
 exported_symbols <- objdump_results[(start_index + 1L):end_of_table]
-exported_symbols <- gsub("\t", "", exported_symbols, fixed = TRUE)
+exported_symbols <- gsub("\t", "", exported_symbols)
 exported_symbols <- gsub(".*\\] ", "", exported_symbols)
-exported_symbols <- gsub(" ", "", exported_symbols, fixed = TRUE)
+exported_symbols <- gsub(" ", "", exported_symbols)
 
 # Write R.def file
 writeLines(

R-package/man/cb.gblinear.history.Rd

@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ matplot(xgb.gblinear.history(bst)[[3]], type = 'l')
 
 #### Multiclass classification:
 #
-dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(scale(x), label = as.numeric(iris$Species) - 1, nthread = 1)
+dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(scale(x), label = as.numeric(iris$Species) - 1, nthread = 2)
 param <- list(booster = "gblinear", objective = "multi:softprob", num_class = 3,
-              lambda = 0.0003, alpha = 0.0003, nthread = 1)
+              lambda = 0.0003, alpha = 0.0003, nthread = 2)
 # For the default linear updater 'shotgun' it sometimes is helpful
 # to use smaller eta to reduce instability
-bst <- xgb.train(param, dtrain, list(tr=dtrain), nrounds = 50, eta = 0.5,
+bst <- xgb.train(param, dtrain, list(tr=dtrain), nrounds = 70, eta = 0.5,
                  callbacks = list(cb.gblinear.history()))
 # Will plot the coefficient paths separately for each class:
 matplot(xgb.gblinear.history(bst, class_index = 0), type = 'l')

R-package/man/predict.xgb.Booster.Rd

@@ -122,10 +122,6 @@ With \code{predinteraction = TRUE}, SHAP values of contributions of interaction
 are computed. Note that this operation might be rather expensive in terms of compute and memory.
 Since it quadratically depends on the number of features, it is recommended to perform selection
 of the most important features first. See below about the format of the returned results.
-
-The \code{predict()} method uses as many threads as defined in \code{xgb.Booster} object (all by default).
-If you want to change their number, then assign a new number to \code{nthread} using \code{\link{xgb.parameters<-}}.
-Note also that converting a matrix to \code{\link{xgb.DMatrix}} uses multiple threads too.
 }
 \examples{
 ## binary classification:

R-package/man/xgb.cv.Rd

@@ -148,11 +148,9 @@ The cross validation function of xgboost
 \details{
 The original sample is randomly partitioned into \code{nfold} equal size subsamples.
 
-Of the \code{nfold} subsamples, a single subsample is retained as the validation data for testing the model,
+Of the \code{nfold} subsamples, a single subsample is retained as the validation data for testing the model, and the remaining \code{nfold - 1} subsamples are used as training data.
-and the remaining \code{nfold - 1} subsamples are used as training data.
 
-The cross-validation process is then repeated \code{nrounds} times, with each of the
+The cross-validation process is then repeated \code{nrounds} times, with each of the \code{nfold} subsamples used exactly once as the validation data.
-\code{nfold} subsamples used exactly once as the validation data.
 
 All observations are used for both training and validation.
 

R-package/man/xgb.plot.importance.Rd

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ xgb.ggplot.importance(
   top_n = NULL,
   measure = NULL,
   rel_to_first = FALSE,
-  n_clusters = seq_len(10),
+  n_clusters = c(1:10),
   ...
 )
 

R-package/man/xgb.train.Rd

@@ -57,37 +57,17 @@ xgboost(
 2.1. Parameters for Tree Booster
 
 \itemize{
-  \item{ \code{eta} control the learning rate: scale the contribution of each tree by a factor of \code{0 < eta < 1}
+  \item \code{eta} control the learning rate: scale the contribution of each tree by a factor of \code{0 < eta < 1} when it is added to the current approximation. Used to prevent overfitting by making the boosting process more conservative. Lower value for \code{eta} implies larger value for \code{nrounds}: low \code{eta} value means model more robust to overfitting but slower to compute. Default: 0.3
-         when it is added to the current approximation.
+  \item \code{gamma} minimum loss reduction required to make a further partition on a leaf node of the tree. the larger, the more conservative the algorithm will be.
-         Used to prevent overfitting by making the boosting process more conservative.
-         Lower value for \code{eta} implies larger value for \code{nrounds}: low \code{eta} value means model
-         more robust to overfitting but slower to compute. Default: 0.3}
-  \item{ \code{gamma} minimum loss reduction required to make a further partition on a leaf node of the tree.
-         the larger, the more conservative the algorithm will be.}
   \item \code{max_depth} maximum depth of a tree. Default: 6
-  \item{\code{min_child_weight} minimum sum of instance weight (hessian) needed in a child.
+  \item \code{min_child_weight} minimum sum of instance weight (hessian) needed in a child. If the tree partition step results in a leaf node with the sum of instance weight less than min_child_weight, then the building process will give up further partitioning. In linear regression mode, this simply corresponds to minimum number of instances needed to be in each node. The larger, the more conservative the algorithm will be. Default: 1
-        If the tree partition step results in a leaf node with the sum of instance weight less than min_child_weight,
+  \item \code{subsample} subsample ratio of the training instance. Setting it to 0.5 means that xgboost randomly collected half of the data instances to grow trees and this will prevent overfitting. It makes computation shorter (because less data to analyse). It is advised to use this parameter with \code{eta} and increase \code{nrounds}. Default: 1
-        then the building process will give up further partitioning.
-        In linear regression mode, this simply corresponds to minimum number of instances needed to be in each node.
-        The larger, the more conservative the algorithm will be. Default: 1}
-  \item{ \code{subsample} subsample ratio of the training instance.
-        Setting it to 0.5 means that xgboost randomly collected half of the data instances to grow trees
-        and this will prevent overfitting. It makes computation shorter (because less data to analyse).
-        It is advised to use this parameter with \code{eta} and increase \code{nrounds}. Default: 1}
   \item \code{colsample_bytree} subsample ratio of columns when constructing each tree. Default: 1
   \item \code{lambda} L2 regularization term on weights. Default: 1
   \item \code{alpha} L1 regularization term on weights. (there is no L1 reg on bias because it is not important). Default: 0
-  \item{ \code{num_parallel_tree} Experimental parameter. number of trees to grow per round.
+  \item \code{num_parallel_tree} Experimental parameter. number of trees to grow per round. Useful to test Random Forest through XGBoost (set \code{colsample_bytree < 1}, \code{subsample  < 1}  and \code{round = 1}) accordingly. Default: 1
-         Useful to test Random Forest through XGBoost
+  \item \code{monotone_constraints} A numerical vector consists of \code{1}, \code{0} and \code{-1} with its length equals to the number of features in the training data. \code{1} is increasing, \code{-1} is decreasing and \code{0} is no constraint.
-         (set \code{colsample_bytree < 1}, \code{subsample  < 1}  and \code{round = 1}) accordingly.
+  \item \code{interaction_constraints} A list of vectors specifying feature indices of permitted interactions. Each item of the list represents one permitted interaction where specified features are allowed to interact with each other. Feature index values should start from \code{0} (\code{0} references the first column).  Leave argument unspecified for no interaction constraints.
-         Default: 1}
-  \item{ \code{monotone_constraints} A numerical vector consists of \code{1}, \code{0} and \code{-1} with its length
-         equals to the number of features in the training data.
-         \code{1} is increasing, \code{-1} is decreasing and \code{0} is no constraint.}
-  \item{ \code{interaction_constraints} A list of vectors specifying feature indices of permitted interactions.
-       Each item of the list represents one permitted interaction where specified features are allowed to interact with each other.
-       Feature index values should start from \code{0} (\code{0} references the first column).
-       Leave argument unspecified for no interaction constraints.}
 }
 
 2.2. Parameters for Linear Booster
@@ -101,53 +81,29 @@ xgboost(
 3. Task Parameters
 
 \itemize{
-\item{ \code{objective} specify the learning task and the corresponding learning objective, users can pass a self-defined function to it.
+\item \code{objective} specify the learning task and the corresponding learning objective, users can pass a self-defined function to it. The default objective options are below:
-       The default objective options are below:
   \itemize{
     \item \code{reg:squarederror} Regression with squared loss (Default).
-    \item{ \code{reg:squaredlogerror}: regression with squared log loss \eqn{1/2 * (log(pred + 1) - log(label + 1))^2}.
+    \item \code{reg:squaredlogerror}: regression with squared log loss \eqn{1/2 * (log(pred + 1) - log(label + 1))^2}. All inputs are required to be greater than -1. Also, see metric rmsle for possible issue with this objective.
-           All inputs are required to be greater than -1.
-           Also, see metric rmsle for possible issue with this objective.}
     \item \code{reg:logistic} logistic regression.
     \item \code{reg:pseudohubererror}: regression with Pseudo Huber loss, a twice differentiable alternative to absolute loss.
     \item \code{binary:logistic} logistic regression for binary classification. Output probability.
     \item \code{binary:logitraw} logistic regression for binary classification, output score before logistic transformation.
     \item \code{binary:hinge}: hinge loss for binary classification. This makes predictions of 0 or 1, rather than producing probabilities.
-    \item{ \code{count:poisson}: Poisson regression for count data, output mean of Poisson distribution.
+    \item \code{count:poisson}: Poisson regression for count data, output mean of Poisson distribution. \code{max_delta_step} is set to 0.7 by default in poisson regression (used to safeguard optimization).
-           \code{max_delta_step} is set to 0.7 by default in poisson regression (used to safeguard optimization).}
+    \item \code{survival:cox}: Cox regression for right censored survival time data (negative values are considered right censored). Note that predictions are returned on the hazard ratio scale (i.e., as HR = exp(marginal_prediction) in the proportional hazard function \code{h(t) = h0(t) * HR)}.
-    \item{ \code{survival:cox}: Cox regression for right censored survival time data (negative values are considered right censored).
+    \item \code{survival:aft}: Accelerated failure time model for censored survival time data. See \href{https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/aft_survival_analysis.html}{Survival Analysis with Accelerated Failure Time} for details.
-           Note that predictions are returned on the hazard ratio scale (i.e., as HR = exp(marginal_prediction) in the proportional
-           hazard function \code{h(t) = h0(t) * HR)}.}
-    \item{ \code{survival:aft}: Accelerated failure time model for censored survival time data. See
-           \href{https://xgboost.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/aft_survival_analysis.html}{Survival Analysis with Accelerated Failure Time}
-           for details.}
     \item \code{aft_loss_distribution}: Probability Density Function used by \code{survival:aft} and \code{aft-nloglik} metric.
-    \item{ \code{multi:softmax} set xgboost to do multiclass classification using the softmax objective.
+    \item \code{multi:softmax} set xgboost to do multiclass classification using the softmax objective. Class is represented by a number and should be from 0 to \code{num_class - 1}.
-           Class is represented by a number and should be from 0 to \code{num_class - 1}.}
+    \item \code{multi:softprob} same as softmax, but prediction outputs a vector of ndata * nclass elements, which can be further reshaped to ndata, nclass matrix. The result contains predicted probabilities of each data point belonging to each class.
-    \item{ \code{multi:softprob} same as softmax, but prediction outputs a vector of ndata * nclass elements, which can be
-           further reshaped to ndata, nclass matrix. The result contains predicted probabilities of each data point belonging
-           to each class.}
     \item \code{rank:pairwise} set xgboost to do ranking task by minimizing the pairwise loss.
-    \item{ \code{rank:ndcg}: Use LambdaMART to perform list-wise ranking where
+    \item \code{rank:ndcg}: Use LambdaMART to perform list-wise ranking where \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_cumulative_gain}{Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG)} is maximized.
-           \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discounted_cumulative_gain}{Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (NDCG)} is maximized.}
+    \item \code{rank:map}: Use LambdaMART to perform list-wise ranking where \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluation_measures_(information_retrieval)#Mean_average_precision}{Mean Average Precision (MAP)} is maximized.
-    \item{ \code{rank:map}: Use LambdaMART to perform list-wise ranking where
+    \item \code{reg:gamma}: gamma regression with log-link. Output is a mean of gamma distribution. It might be useful, e.g., for modeling insurance claims severity, or for any outcome that might be \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution#Applications}{gamma-distributed}.
-           \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaluation_measures_(information_retrieval)#Mean_average_precision}{Mean Average Precision (MAP)}
+    \item \code{reg:tweedie}: Tweedie regression with log-link. It might be useful, e.g., for modeling total loss in insurance, or for any outcome that might be \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweedie_distribution#Applications}{Tweedie-distributed}.
-           is maximized.}
-    \item{ \code{reg:gamma}: gamma regression with log-link.
-           Output is a mean of gamma distribution.
-           It might be useful, e.g., for modeling insurance claims severity, or for any outcome that might be
-           \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma_distribution#Applications}{gamma-distributed}.}
-    \item{ \code{reg:tweedie}: Tweedie regression with log-link.
-           It might be useful, e.g., for modeling total loss in insurance, or for any outcome that might be
-           \href{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweedie_distribution#Applications}{Tweedie-distributed}.}
-  }
   }
   \item \code{base_score} the initial prediction score of all instances, global bias. Default: 0.5
-  \item{ \code{eval_metric} evaluation metrics for validation data.
+  \item \code{eval_metric} evaluation metrics for validation data. Users can pass a self-defined function to it. Default: metric will be assigned according to objective(rmse for regression, and error for classification, mean average precision for ranking). List is provided in detail section.
-         Users can pass a self-defined function to it.
-         Default: metric will be assigned according to objective
-         (rmse for regression, and error for classification, mean average precision for ranking).
-         List is provided in detail section.}
 }}
 
 \item{data}{training dataset. \code{xgb.train} accepts only an \code{xgb.DMatrix} as the input.
@@ -267,8 +223,7 @@ The following is the list of built-in metrics for which XGBoost provides optimiz
      \item \code{merror} Multiclass classification error rate. It is calculated as \code{(# wrong cases) / (# all cases)}.
      \item \code{mae} Mean absolute error
      \item \code{mape} Mean absolute percentage error
-     \item{ \code{auc} Area under the curve.
+     \item \code{auc} Area under the curve. \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic#'Area_under_curve} for ranking evaluation.
-            \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receiver_operating_characteristic#'Area_under_curve} for ranking evaluation.}
      \item \code{aucpr} Area under the PR curve. \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision_and_recall} for ranking evaluation.
      \item \code{ndcg} Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain (for ranking task). \url{https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NDCG}
   }

R-package/src/Makevars.in

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ CXX_STD = CXX17
 
 XGB_RFLAGS = -DXGBOOST_STRICT_R_MODE=1 -DDMLC_LOG_BEFORE_THROW=0\
            -DDMLC_ENABLE_STD_THREAD=$(ENABLE_STD_THREAD) -DDMLC_DISABLE_STDIN=1\
-           -DDMLC_LOG_CUSTOMIZE=1
+           -DDMLC_LOG_CUSTOMIZE=1 -DXGBOOST_CUSTOMIZE_LOGGER=1\
+           -DRABIT_CUSTOMIZE_MSG_
 
 # disable the use of thread_local for 32 bit windows:
 ifeq ($(R_OSTYPE)$(WIN),windows)
@@ -32,12 +33,10 @@ OBJECTS= \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/objective.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/regression_obj.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/multiclass_obj.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/lambdarank_obj.o \
+    $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/rank_obj.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/hinge.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/aft_obj.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/adaptive.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/init_estimation.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/quantile_obj.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/gbm/gbm.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/gbm/gbtree.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/gbm/gbtree_model.o \
@@ -55,13 +54,10 @@ OBJECTS= \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/data/iterative_dmatrix.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/predictor/predictor.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/predictor/cpu_predictor.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/predictor/cpu_treeshap.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/constraints.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/param.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/fit_stump.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/tree_model.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/tree_updater.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/multi_target_tree_model.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/updater_approx.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/updater_colmaker.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/updater_prune.o \
@@ -72,12 +68,9 @@ OBJECTS= \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/linear/updater_coordinate.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/linear/updater_shotgun.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/learner.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/context.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/logging.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/global_config.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/collective/communicator.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/collective/in_memory_communicator.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/collective/in_memory_handler.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/collective/socket.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/charconv.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/column_matrix.o \
@@ -90,11 +83,8 @@ OBJECTS= \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/pseudo_huber.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/quantile.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/random.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/common/stats.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/survival_util.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/threading_utils.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/common/ranking_utils.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/common/quantile_loss_utils.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/timer.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/version.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/c_api/c_api.o \

R-package/src/Makevars.win

@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ CXX_STD = CXX17
 
 XGB_RFLAGS = -DXGBOOST_STRICT_R_MODE=1 -DDMLC_LOG_BEFORE_THROW=0\
            -DDMLC_ENABLE_STD_THREAD=$(ENABLE_STD_THREAD) -DDMLC_DISABLE_STDIN=1\
-           -DDMLC_LOG_CUSTOMIZE=1
+           -DDMLC_LOG_CUSTOMIZE=1 -DXGBOOST_CUSTOMIZE_LOGGER=1\
+           -DRABIT_CUSTOMIZE_MSG_
 
 # disable the use of thread_local for 32 bit windows:
 ifeq ($(R_OSTYPE)$(WIN),windows)
@@ -32,12 +33,10 @@ OBJECTS= \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/objective.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/regression_obj.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/multiclass_obj.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/lambdarank_obj.o \
+    $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/rank_obj.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/hinge.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/aft_obj.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/adaptive.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/init_estimation.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/objective/quantile_obj.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/gbm/gbm.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/gbm/gbtree.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/gbm/gbtree_model.o \
@@ -55,12 +54,9 @@ OBJECTS= \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/data/iterative_dmatrix.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/predictor/predictor.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/predictor/cpu_predictor.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/predictor/cpu_treeshap.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/constraints.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/param.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/fit_stump.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/tree_model.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/multi_target_tree_model.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/tree_updater.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/updater_approx.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/tree/updater_colmaker.o \
@@ -72,12 +68,9 @@ OBJECTS= \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/linear/updater_coordinate.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/linear/updater_shotgun.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/learner.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/context.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/logging.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/global_config.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/collective/communicator.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/collective/in_memory_communicator.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/collective/in_memory_handler.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/collective/socket.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/charconv.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/column_matrix.o \
@@ -90,11 +83,8 @@ OBJECTS= \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/pseudo_huber.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/quantile.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/random.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/common/stats.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/survival_util.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/threading_utils.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/common/ranking_utils.o \
-    $(PKGROOT)/src/common/quantile_loss_utils.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/timer.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/common/version.o \
     $(PKGROOT)/src/c_api/c_api.o \

R-package/src/init.c

@@ -30,14 +30,15 @@ extern SEXP XGBoosterSaveJsonConfig_R(SEXP handle);
 extern SEXP XGBoosterLoadJsonConfig_R(SEXP handle, SEXP value);
 extern SEXP XGBoosterSerializeToBuffer_R(SEXP handle);
 extern SEXP XGBoosterUnserializeFromBuffer_R(SEXP handle, SEXP raw);
+extern SEXP XGBoosterPredict_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGBoosterPredictFromDMatrix_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGBoosterSaveModel_R(SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGBoosterSetAttr_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGBoosterSetParam_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGBoosterUpdateOneIter_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGCheckNullPtr_R(SEXP);
-extern SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
+extern SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
-extern SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
+extern SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromFile_R(SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromMat_R(SEXP, SEXP, SEXP);
 extern SEXP XGDMatrixGetInfo_R(SEXP, SEXP);
@@ -67,14 +68,15 @@ static const R_CallMethodDef CallEntries[] = {
   {"XGBoosterLoadJsonConfig_R",   (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterLoadJsonConfig_R,   2},
   {"XGBoosterSerializeToBuffer_R",     (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterSerializeToBuffer_R,     1},
   {"XGBoosterUnserializeFromBuffer_R", (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterUnserializeFromBuffer_R, 2},
+  {"XGBoosterPredict_R",          (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterPredict_R,          5},
   {"XGBoosterPredictFromDMatrix_R", (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterPredictFromDMatrix_R, 3},
   {"XGBoosterSaveModel_R",        (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterSaveModel_R,        2},
   {"XGBoosterSetAttr_R",          (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterSetAttr_R,          3},
   {"XGBoosterSetParam_R",         (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterSetParam_R,         3},
   {"XGBoosterUpdateOneIter_R",    (DL_FUNC) &XGBoosterUpdateOneIter_R,    3},
   {"XGCheckNullPtr_R",            (DL_FUNC) &XGCheckNullPtr_R,            1},
-  {"XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R",    (DL_FUNC) &XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R,    6},
+  {"XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R",    (DL_FUNC) &XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R,    5},
-  {"XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R",    (DL_FUNC) &XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R,    6},
+  {"XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R",    (DL_FUNC) &XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R,    5},
   {"XGDMatrixCreateFromFile_R",   (DL_FUNC) &XGDMatrixCreateFromFile_R,   2},
   {"XGDMatrixCreateFromMat_R",    (DL_FUNC) &XGDMatrixCreateFromMat_R,    3},
   {"XGDMatrixGetInfo_R",          (DL_FUNC) &XGDMatrixGetInfo_R,          2},

R-package/src/xgboost_R.cc

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 /**
- * Copyright 2014-2023 by XGBoost Contributors
+ * Copyright 2014-2022 by XGBoost Contributors
  */
 #include <dmlc/common.h>
 #include <dmlc/omp.h>
 #include <xgboost/c_api.h>
-#include <xgboost/context.h>
 #include <xgboost/data.h>
+#include <xgboost/generic_parameters.h>
 #include <xgboost/logging.h>
 
 #include <cstdio>
@@ -16,11 +16,9 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include "../../src/c_api/c_api_error.h"
-#include "../../src/c_api/c_api_utils.h"  // MakeSparseFromPtr
 #include "../../src/common/threading_utils.h"
 
-#include "./xgboost_R.h"  // Must follow other includes.
+#include "./xgboost_R.h"
-#include "Rinternals.h"
 
 /*!
  * \brief macro to annotate begin of api
@@ -48,14 +46,14 @@
 
 using dmlc::BeginPtr;
 
-xgboost::Context const *BoosterCtx(BoosterHandle handle) {
+xgboost::GenericParameter const *BoosterCtx(BoosterHandle handle) {
   CHECK_HANDLE();
   auto *learner = static_cast<xgboost::Learner *>(handle);
   CHECK(learner);
   return learner->Ctx();
 }
 
-xgboost::Context const *DMatrixCtx(DMatrixHandle handle) {
+xgboost::GenericParameter const *DMatrixCtx(DMatrixHandle handle) {
   CHECK_HANDLE();
   auto p_m = static_cast<std::shared_ptr<xgboost::DMatrix> *>(handle);
   CHECK(p_m);
@@ -116,9 +114,7 @@ XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromMat_R(SEXP mat, SEXP missing, SEXP n_threads) {
     din = REAL(mat);
   }
   std::vector<float> data(nrow * ncol);
-  xgboost::Context ctx;
+  int32_t threads = xgboost::common::OmpGetNumThreads(asInteger(n_threads));
-  ctx.nthread = asInteger(n_threads);
-  std::int32_t threads = ctx.Threads();
 
   xgboost::common::ParallelFor(nrow, threads, [&](xgboost::omp_ulong i) {
     for (size_t j = 0; j < ncol; ++j) {
@@ -135,78 +131,66 @@ XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromMat_R(SEXP mat, SEXP missing, SEXP n_threads) {
   return ret;
 }
 
-namespace {
+XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R(SEXP indptr, SEXP indices, SEXP data,
-void CreateFromSparse(SEXP indptr, SEXP indices, SEXP data, std::string *indptr_str,
+                                      SEXP num_row, SEXP n_threads) {
-                      std::string *indices_str, std::string *data_str) {
+  SEXP ret;
+  R_API_BEGIN();
   const int *p_indptr = INTEGER(indptr);
   const int *p_indices = INTEGER(indices);
   const double *p_data = REAL(data);
+  size_t nindptr = static_cast<size_t>(length(indptr));
+  size_t ndata = static_cast<size_t>(length(data));
+  size_t nrow = static_cast<size_t>(INTEGER(num_row)[0]);
+  std::vector<size_t> col_ptr_(nindptr);
+  std::vector<unsigned> indices_(ndata);
+  std::vector<float> data_(ndata);
 
-  auto nindptr = static_cast<std::size_t>(length(indptr));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < nindptr; ++i) {
-  auto ndata = static_cast<std::size_t>(length(data));
+    col_ptr_[i] = static_cast<size_t>(p_indptr[i]);
-  CHECK_EQ(ndata, p_indptr[nindptr - 1]);
-  xgboost::detail::MakeSparseFromPtr(p_indptr, p_indices, p_data, nindptr, indptr_str, indices_str,
-                                     data_str);
   }
-}  // namespace
+  int32_t threads = xgboost::common::OmpGetNumThreads(asInteger(n_threads));
-
+  xgboost::common::ParallelFor(ndata, threads, [&](xgboost::omp_ulong i) {
-XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R(SEXP indptr, SEXP indices, SEXP data, SEXP num_row,
+    indices_[i] = static_cast<unsigned>(p_indices[i]);
-                                      SEXP missing, SEXP n_threads) {
+    data_[i] = static_cast<float>(p_data[i]);
-  SEXP ret;
+  });
-  R_API_BEGIN();
-  std::int32_t threads = asInteger(n_threads);
-
-  using xgboost::Integer;
-  using xgboost::Json;
-  using xgboost::Object;
-
-  std::string sindptr, sindices, sdata;
-  CreateFromSparse(indptr, indices, data, &sindptr, &sindices, &sdata);
-  auto nrow = static_cast<std::size_t>(INTEGER(num_row)[0]);
-
   DMatrixHandle handle;
-  Json jconfig{Object{}};
+  CHECK_CALL(XGDMatrixCreateFromCSCEx(BeginPtr(col_ptr_), BeginPtr(indices_),
-  // Construct configuration
+                                      BeginPtr(data_), nindptr, ndata,
-  jconfig["nthread"] = Integer{threads};
+                                      nrow, &handle));
-  jconfig["missing"] = xgboost::Number{asReal(missing)};
-  std::string config;
-  Json::Dump(jconfig, &config);
-  CHECK_CALL(XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC(sindptr.c_str(), sindices.c_str(), sdata.c_str(), nrow,
-                                    config.c_str(), &handle));
-
   ret = PROTECT(R_MakeExternalPtr(handle, R_NilValue, R_NilValue));
-
   R_RegisterCFinalizerEx(ret, _DMatrixFinalizer, TRUE);
   R_API_END();
   UNPROTECT(1);
   return ret;
 }
 
-XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R(SEXP indptr, SEXP indices, SEXP data, SEXP num_col,
+XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R(SEXP indptr, SEXP indices, SEXP data,
-                                      SEXP missing, SEXP n_threads) {
+                                      SEXP num_col, SEXP n_threads) {
   SEXP ret;
   R_API_BEGIN();
-  std::int32_t threads = asInteger(n_threads);
+  const int *p_indptr = INTEGER(indptr);
-
+  const int *p_indices = INTEGER(indices);
-  using xgboost::Integer;
+  const double *p_data = REAL(data);
-  using xgboost::Json;
+  size_t nindptr = static_cast<size_t>(length(indptr));
-  using xgboost::Object;
+  size_t ndata = static_cast<size_t>(length(data));
-
+  size_t ncol = static_cast<size_t>(INTEGER(num_col)[0]);
-  std::string sindptr, sindices, sdata;
+  std::vector<size_t> row_ptr_(nindptr);
-  CreateFromSparse(indptr, indices, data, &sindptr, &sindices, &sdata);
+  std::vector<unsigned> indices_(ndata);
-  auto ncol = static_cast<std::size_t>(INTEGER(num_col)[0]);
+  std::vector<float> data_(ndata);
 
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < nindptr; ++i) {
+    row_ptr_[i] = static_cast<size_t>(p_indptr[i]);
+  }
+  int32_t threads = xgboost::common::OmpGetNumThreads(asInteger(n_threads));
+  xgboost::common::ParallelFor(ndata, threads, [&](xgboost::omp_ulong i) {
+    indices_[i] = static_cast<unsigned>(p_indices[i]);
+    data_[i] = static_cast<float>(p_data[i]);
+  });
   DMatrixHandle handle;
-  Json jconfig{Object{}};
+  CHECK_CALL(XGDMatrixCreateFromCSREx(BeginPtr(row_ptr_), BeginPtr(indices_),
-  // Construct configuration
+                                      BeginPtr(data_), nindptr, ndata,
-  jconfig["nthread"] = Integer{threads};
+                                      ncol, &handle));
-  jconfig["missing"] = xgboost::Number{asReal(missing)};
-  std::string config;
-  Json::Dump(jconfig, &config);
-  CHECK_CALL(XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR(sindptr.c_str(), sindices.c_str(), sdata.c_str(), ncol,
-                                    config.c_str(), &handle));
   ret = PROTECT(R_MakeExternalPtr(handle, R_NilValue, R_NilValue));
-
   R_RegisterCFinalizerEx(ret, _DMatrixFinalizer, TRUE);
   R_API_END();
   UNPROTECT(1);
@@ -438,6 +422,27 @@ XGB_DLL SEXP XGBoosterEvalOneIter_R(SEXP handle, SEXP iter, SEXP dmats, SEXP evn
   return mkString(ret);
 }
 
+XGB_DLL SEXP XGBoosterPredict_R(SEXP handle, SEXP dmat, SEXP option_mask,
+                                SEXP ntree_limit, SEXP training) {
+  SEXP ret;
+  R_API_BEGIN();
+  bst_ulong olen;
+  const float *res;
+  CHECK_CALL(XGBoosterPredict(R_ExternalPtrAddr(handle),
+                              R_ExternalPtrAddr(dmat),
+                              asInteger(option_mask),
+                              asInteger(ntree_limit),
+                              asInteger(training),
+                              &olen, &res));
+  ret = PROTECT(allocVector(REALSXP, olen));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < olen; ++i) {
+    REAL(ret)[i] = res[i];
+  }
+  R_API_END();
+  UNPROTECT(1);
+  return ret;
+}
+
 XGB_DLL SEXP XGBoosterPredictFromDMatrix_R(SEXP handle, SEXP dmat, SEXP json_config)  {
   SEXP r_out_shape;
   SEXP r_out_result;

R-package/src/xgboost_R.h

@@ -59,12 +59,11 @@ XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromMat_R(SEXP mat,
  * \param indices row indices
  * \param data content of the data
  * \param num_row numer of rows (when it's set to 0, then guess from data)
- * \param missing which value to represent missing value
  * \param n_threads Number of threads used to construct DMatrix from csc matrix.
  * \return created dmatrix
  */
 XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R(SEXP indptr, SEXP indices, SEXP data, SEXP num_row,
-                                      SEXP missing, SEXP n_threads);
+                                      SEXP n_threads);
 
 /*!
  * \brief create a matrix content from CSR format
@@ -72,12 +71,11 @@ XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC_R(SEXP indptr, SEXP indices, SEXP data, SEXP
  * \param indices column indices
  * \param data content of the data
  * \param num_col numer of columns (when it's set to 0, then guess from data)
- * \param missing which value to represent missing value
  * \param n_threads Number of threads used to construct DMatrix from csr matrix.
  * \return created dmatrix
  */
 XGB_DLL SEXP XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR_R(SEXP indptr, SEXP indices, SEXP data, SEXP num_col,
-                                      SEXP missing, SEXP n_threads);
+                                      SEXP n_threads);
 
 /*!
  * \brief create a new dmatrix from sliced content of existing matrix
@@ -178,6 +176,17 @@ XGB_DLL SEXP XGBoosterBoostOneIter_R(SEXP handle, SEXP dtrain, SEXP grad, SEXP h
  */
 XGB_DLL SEXP XGBoosterEvalOneIter_R(SEXP handle, SEXP iter, SEXP dmats, SEXP evnames);
 
+/*!
+ * \brief (Deprecated) make prediction based on dmat
+ * \param handle handle
+ * \param dmat data matrix
+ * \param option_mask output_margin:1 predict_leaf:2
+ * \param ntree_limit limit number of trees used in prediction
+ * \param training Whether the prediction value is used for training.
+ */
+XGB_DLL SEXP XGBoosterPredict_R(SEXP handle, SEXP dmat, SEXP option_mask,
+                                SEXP ntree_limit, SEXP training);
+
 /*!
  * \brief Run prediction on DMatrix, replacing `XGBoosterPredict_R`
  * \param handle handle

R-package/tests/helper_scripts/install_deps.R

@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-## Install dependencies of R package for testing. The list might not be
-## up-to-date, check DESCRIPTION for the latest list and update this one if
-## inconsistent is found.
-pkgs <- c(
-  ## CI
-  "caret",
-  "pkgbuild",
-  "roxygen2",
-  "XML",
-  "cplm",
-  "e1071",
-  ## suggests
-  "knitr",
-  "rmarkdown",
-  "ggplot2",
-  "DiagrammeR",
-  "Ckmeans.1d.dp",
-  "vcd",
-  "lintr",
-  "testthat",
-  "igraph",
-  "float",
-  "titanic",
-  ## imports
-  "Matrix",
-  "methods",
-  "data.table",
-  "jsonlite"
-)
-
-ncpus <- parallel::detectCores()
-print(paste0("Using ", ncpus, " cores to install dependencies."))
-
-if (.Platform$OS.type == "unix") {
-  print("Installing source packages on unix.")
-  install.packages(
-    pkgs,
-    repo = "https://cloud.r-project.org",
-    dependencies = c("Depends", "Imports", "LinkingTo"),
-    Ncpus = parallel::detectCores()
-  )
-} else {
-  print("Installing binary packages on Windows.")
-  install.packages(
-    pkgs,
-    repo = "https://cloud.r-project.org",
-    dependencies = c("Depends", "Imports", "LinkingTo"),
-    Ncpus = parallel::detectCores(),
-    type = "binary"
-  )
-}

R-package/tests/helper_scripts/run_lint.R

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+library(lintr)
+library(crayon)
+
+my_linters <- list(
+  absolute_path_linter = lintr::absolute_path_linter,
+  assignment_linter = lintr::assignment_linter,
+  closed_curly_linter = lintr::closed_curly_linter,
+  commas_linter = lintr::commas_linter,
+  equals_na = lintr::equals_na_linter,
+  infix_spaces_linter = lintr::infix_spaces_linter,
+  line_length_linter = lintr::line_length_linter,
+  no_tab_linter = lintr::no_tab_linter,
+  object_usage_linter = lintr::object_usage_linter,
+  object_length_linter = lintr::object_length_linter,
+  open_curly_linter = lintr::open_curly_linter,
+  semicolon = lintr::semicolon_terminator_linter(semicolon = c("compound", "trailing")),
+  seq = lintr::seq_linter,
+  spaces_inside_linter = lintr::spaces_inside_linter,
+  spaces_left_parentheses_linter = lintr::spaces_left_parentheses_linter,
+  trailing_blank_lines_linter = lintr::trailing_blank_lines_linter,
+  trailing_whitespace_linter = lintr::trailing_whitespace_linter,
+  true_false = lintr::T_and_F_symbol_linter,
+  unneeded_concatenation = lintr::unneeded_concatenation_linter
+)
+
+results <- lapply(
+  list.files(path = '.', pattern = '\\.[Rr]$', recursive = TRUE),
+  function (r_file) {
+    cat(sprintf("Processing %s ...\n", r_file))
+    list(r_file = r_file,
+         output = lintr::lint(filename = r_file, linters = my_linters))
+  })
+num_issue <- Reduce(sum, lapply(results, function (e) length(e$output)))
+
+lint2str <- function(lint_entry) {
+  color <- function(type) {
+    switch(type,
+      "warning" = crayon::magenta,
+      "error" = crayon::red,
+      "style" = crayon::blue,
+      crayon::bold
+    )
+  }
+
+  paste0(
+    lapply(lint_entry$output,
+      function (lint_line) {
+        paste0(
+          crayon::bold(lint_entry$r_file, ":",
+          as.character(lint_line$line_number), ":",
+          as.character(lint_line$column_number), ": ", sep = ""),
+          color(lint_line$type)(lint_line$type, ": ", sep = ""),
+          crayon::bold(lint_line$message), "\n",
+          lint_line$line, "\n",
+          lintr:::highlight_string(lint_line$message, lint_line$column_number, lint_line$ranges),
+          "\n",
+          collapse = "")
+      }),
+    collapse = "")
+}
+
+if (num_issue > 0) {
+  cat(sprintf('R linters found %d issues:\n', num_issue))
+  for (entry in results) {
+    if (length(entry$output)) {
+      cat(paste0('**** ', crayon::bold(entry$r_file), '\n'))
+      cat(paste0(lint2str(entry), collapse = ''))
+    }
+  }
+  quit(save = 'no', status = 1)  # Signal error to parent shell
+}

R-package/tests/testthat/test_basic.R

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+require(xgboost)
+library(Matrix)
+
 context("basic functions")
 
 data(agaricus.train, package = 'xgboost')
@@ -85,18 +88,9 @@ test_that("dart prediction works", {
     rnorm(100)
 
   set.seed(1994)
-  booster_by_xgboost <- xgboost(
+  booster_by_xgboost <- xgboost(data = d, label = y, max_depth = 2, booster = "dart",
-    data = d,
+                                rate_drop = 0.5, one_drop = TRUE,
-    label = y,
+                                eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = nrounds, objective = "reg:squarederror")
-    max_depth = 2,
-    booster = "dart",
-    rate_drop = 0.5,
-    one_drop = TRUE,
-    eta = 1,
-    nthread = 2,
-    nrounds = nrounds,
-    objective = "reg:squarederror"
-  )
   pred_by_xgboost_0 <- predict(booster_by_xgboost, newdata = d, ntreelimit = 0)
   pred_by_xgboost_1 <- predict(booster_by_xgboost, newdata = d, ntreelimit = nrounds)
   expect_true(all(matrix(pred_by_xgboost_0, byrow = TRUE) == matrix(pred_by_xgboost_1, byrow = TRUE)))
@@ -106,14 +100,14 @@ test_that("dart prediction works", {
 
   set.seed(1994)
   dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(data = d, info = list(label = y))
-  booster_by_train <- xgb.train(
+  booster_by_train <- xgb.train(params = list(
-    params = list(
                                     booster = "dart",
                                     max_depth = 2,
                                     eta = 1,
                                     rate_drop = 0.5,
                                     one_drop = TRUE,
                                     nthread = 1,
+                                    tree_method = "exact",
                                     objective = "reg:squarederror"
                                 ),
                                 data = dtrain,
@@ -247,14 +241,6 @@ test_that("use of multiple eval metrics works", {
   expect_false(is.null(bst$evaluation_log))
   expect_equal(dim(bst$evaluation_log), c(2, 4))
   expect_equal(colnames(bst$evaluation_log), c("iter", "train_error", "train_auc", "train_logloss"))
-  expect_output(
-    bst2 <- xgboost(data = train$data, label = train$label, max_depth = 2,
-                    eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = 2, objective = "binary:logistic",
-                    eval_metric = list("error", "auc", "logloss"))
-  , "train-error.*train-auc.*train-logloss")
-  expect_false(is.null(bst2$evaluation_log))
-  expect_equal(dim(bst2$evaluation_log), c(2, 4))
-  expect_equal(colnames(bst2$evaluation_log), c("iter", "train_error", "train_auc", "train_logloss"))
 })
 
 
@@ -408,7 +394,7 @@ test_that("colsample_bytree works", {
   xgb.importance(model = bst)
   # If colsample_bytree works properly, a variety of features should be used
   # in the 100 trees
-  expect_gte(nrow(xgb.importance(model = bst)), 28)
+  expect_gte(nrow(xgb.importance(model = bst)), 30)
 })
 
 test_that("Configuration works", {
@@ -418,7 +404,7 @@ test_that("Configuration works", {
   config <- xgb.config(bst)
   xgb.config(bst) <- config
   reloaded_config <- xgb.config(bst)
-  expect_equal(config, reloaded_config)
+  expect_equal(config, reloaded_config);
 })
 
 test_that("strict_shape works", {

R-package/tests/testthat/test_callbacks.R

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 # More specific testing of callbacks
+
+require(xgboost)
+require(data.table)
+require(titanic)
+
 context("callbacks")
 
 data(agaricus.train, package = 'xgboost')
@@ -79,7 +84,7 @@ test_that("cb.evaluation.log works as expected", {
                list(c(iter = 1, bst_evaluation), c(iter = 2, bst_evaluation)))
   expect_silent(f(finalize = TRUE))
   expect_equal(evaluation_log,
-               data.table::data.table(iter = 1:2, train_auc = c(0.9, 0.9), test_auc = c(0.8, 0.8)))
+               data.table(iter = 1:2, train_auc = c(0.9, 0.9), test_auc = c(0.8, 0.8)))
 
   bst_evaluation_err  <- c('train-auc' = 0.1, 'test-auc' = 0.2)
   evaluation_log <- list()
@@ -96,7 +101,7 @@ test_that("cb.evaluation.log works as expected", {
                     c(iter = 2, c(bst_evaluation, bst_evaluation_err))))
   expect_silent(f(finalize = TRUE))
   expect_equal(evaluation_log,
-               data.table::data.table(iter = 1:2,
+               data.table(iter = 1:2,
                           train_auc_mean = c(0.9, 0.9), train_auc_std = c(0.1, 0.1),
                           test_auc_mean = c(0.8, 0.8), test_auc_std = c(0.2, 0.2)))
 })
@@ -251,9 +256,6 @@ test_that("early stopping using a specific metric works", {
 })
 
 test_that("early stopping works with titanic", {
-  if (!requireNamespace("titanic")) {
-    testthat::skip("Optional testing dependency 'titanic' not found.")
-  }
   # This test was inspired by https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost/issues/5935
   # It catches possible issues on noLD R
   titanic <- titanic::titanic_train
@@ -320,7 +322,7 @@ test_that("prediction in early-stopping xgb.cv works", {
   expect_output(
     cv <- xgb.cv(param, dtrain, nfold = 5, eta = 0.1, nrounds = 20,
                  early_stopping_rounds = 5, maximize = FALSE, stratified = FALSE,
-                 prediction = TRUE, base_score = 0.5)
+                 prediction = TRUE)
   , "Stopping. Best iteration")
 
   expect_false(is.null(cv$best_iteration))

R-package/tests/testthat/test_custom_objective.R

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 context('Test models with custom objective')
 
+require(xgboost)
+
 set.seed(1994)
 
 data(agaricus.train, package = 'xgboost')

R-package/tests/testthat/test_dmatrix.R

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
-library(Matrix)
+require(xgboost)
+require(Matrix)
+
 context("testing xgb.DMatrix functionality")
 
-data(agaricus.test, package = "xgboost")
+data(agaricus.test, package = 'xgboost')
 test_data <- agaricus.test$data[1:100, ]
 test_label <- agaricus.test$label[1:100]
 
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ test_that("xgb.DMatrix: basic construction", {
 
   # from dense matrix
   dtest2 <- xgb.DMatrix(as.matrix(test_data), label = test_label)
-  expect_equal(getinfo(dtest1, "label"), getinfo(dtest2, "label"))
+  expect_equal(getinfo(dtest1, 'label'), getinfo(dtest2, 'label'))
   expect_equal(dim(dtest1), dim(dtest2))
 
   #from dense integer matrix
@@ -19,41 +21,6 @@ test_that("xgb.DMatrix: basic construction", {
   storage.mode(int_data) <- "integer"
   dtest3 <- xgb.DMatrix(int_data, label = test_label)
   expect_equal(dim(dtest1), dim(dtest3))
-
-  n_samples <- 100
-  X <- cbind(
-    x1 = sample(x = 4, size = n_samples, replace = TRUE),
-    x2 = sample(x = 4, size = n_samples, replace = TRUE),
-    x3 = sample(x = 4, size = n_samples, replace = TRUE)
-  )
-  X <- matrix(X, nrow = n_samples)
-  y <- rbinom(n = n_samples, size = 1, prob = 1 / 2)
-
-  fd <- xgb.DMatrix(X, label = y, missing = 1)
-
-  dgc <- as(X, "dgCMatrix")
-  fdgc <- xgb.DMatrix(dgc, label = y, missing = 1.0)
-
-  dgr <- as(X, "dgRMatrix")
-  fdgr <- xgb.DMatrix(dgr, label = y, missing = 1)
-
-  params <- list(tree_method = "hist")
-  bst_fd <- xgb.train(
-    params, nrounds = 8, fd, watchlist = list(train = fd)
-  )
-  bst_dgr <- xgb.train(
-    params, nrounds = 8, fdgr, watchlist = list(train = fdgr)
-  )
-  bst_dgc <- xgb.train(
-    params, nrounds = 8, fdgc, watchlist = list(train = fdgc)
-  )
-
-  raw_fd <- xgb.save.raw(bst_fd, raw_format = "ubj")
-  raw_dgr <- xgb.save.raw(bst_dgr, raw_format = "ubj")
-  raw_dgc <- xgb.save.raw(bst_dgc, raw_format = "ubj")
-
-  expect_equal(raw_fd, raw_dgr)
-  expect_equal(raw_fd, raw_dgc)
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.DMatrix: saving, loading", {
@@ -70,9 +37,9 @@ test_that("xgb.DMatrix: saving, loading", {
 
   # from a libsvm text file
   tmp <- c("0 1:1 2:1", "1 3:1", "0 1:1")
-  tmp_file <- tempfile(fileext = ".libsvm")
+  tmp_file <- 'tmp.libsvm'
   writeLines(tmp, tmp_file)
-  dtest4 <- xgb.DMatrix(paste(tmp_file, "?format=libsvm", sep = ""), silent = TRUE)
+  dtest4 <- xgb.DMatrix(tmp_file, silent = TRUE)
   expect_equal(dim(dtest4), c(3, 4))
   expect_equal(getinfo(dtest4, 'label'), c(0, 1, 0))
 
@@ -156,62 +123,9 @@ test_that("xgb.DMatrix: colnames", {
 test_that("xgb.DMatrix: nrow is correct for a very sparse matrix", {
   set.seed(123)
   nr <- 1000
-  x <- Matrix::rsparsematrix(nr, 100, density = 0.0005)
+  x <- rsparsematrix(nr, 100, density = 0.0005)
   # we want it very sparse, so that last rows are empty
   expect_lt(max(x@i), nr)
   dtest <- xgb.DMatrix(x)
   expect_equal(dim(dtest), dim(x))
 })
-
-test_that("xgb.DMatrix: print", {
-    data(agaricus.train, package = 'xgboost')
-
-    # core DMatrix with just data and labels
-    dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(
-        data = agaricus.train$data
-        , label = agaricus.train$label
-    )
-    txt <- capture.output({
-        print(dtrain)
-    })
-    expect_equal(txt, "xgb.DMatrix  dim: 6513 x 126  info: label  colnames: yes")
-
-    # verbose=TRUE prints feature names
-    txt <- capture.output({
-        print(dtrain, verbose = TRUE)
-    })
-    expect_equal(txt[[1L]], "xgb.DMatrix  dim: 6513 x 126  info: label  colnames:")
-    expect_equal(txt[[2L]], sprintf("'%s'", paste(colnames(dtrain), collapse = "','")))
-
-    # DMatrix with weights and base_margin
-    dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(
-        data = agaricus.train$data
-        , label = agaricus.train$label
-        , weight = seq_along(agaricus.train$label)
-        , base_margin = agaricus.train$label
-    )
-    txt <- capture.output({
-        print(dtrain)
-    })
-    expect_equal(txt, "xgb.DMatrix  dim: 6513 x 126  info: label weight base_margin  colnames: yes")
-
-    # DMatrix with just features
-    dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(
-        data = agaricus.train$data
-    )
-    txt <- capture.output({
-        print(dtrain)
-    })
-    expect_equal(txt, "xgb.DMatrix  dim: 6513 x 126  info: NA  colnames: yes")
-
-    # DMatrix with no column names
-    data_no_colnames <- agaricus.train$data
-    colnames(data_no_colnames) <- NULL
-    dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(
-        data = data_no_colnames
-    )
-    txt <- capture.output({
-        print(dtrain)
-    })
-    expect_equal(txt, "xgb.DMatrix  dim: 6513 x 126  info: NA  colnames: no")
-})

R-package/tests/testthat/test_feature_weights.R

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+library(xgboost)
+
 context("feature weights")
 
 test_that("training with feature weights works", {

R-package/tests/testthat/test_gc_safety.R

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require(xgboost)
+
 context("Garbage Collection Safety Check")
 
 test_that("train and prediction when gctorture is on", {

R-package/tests/testthat/test_glm.R

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 context('Test generalized linear models')
 
+require(xgboost)
+
 test_that("gblinear works", {
   data(agaricus.train, package = 'xgboost')
   data(agaricus.test, package = 'xgboost')

R-package/tests/testthat/test_helpers.R

@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+library(testthat)
 context('Test helper functions')
 
-VCD_AVAILABLE <- requireNamespace("vcd", quietly = TRUE)
+require(xgboost)
-.skip_if_vcd_not_available <- function() {
+require(data.table)
-    if (!VCD_AVAILABLE) {
+require(Matrix)
-        testthat::skip("Optional testing dependency 'vcd' not found.")
+require(vcd, quietly = TRUE)
-    }
-}
 
 float_tolerance <- 5e-6
 
@@ -13,30 +12,25 @@ float_tolerance <- 5e-6
 flag_32bit <- .Machine$sizeof.pointer != 8
 
 set.seed(1982)
-
+data(Arthritis)
-nrounds <- 12
+df <- data.table(Arthritis, keep.rownames = FALSE)
-if (isTRUE(VCD_AVAILABLE)) {
-    data(Arthritis, package = "vcd")
-    df <- data.table::data.table(Arthritis, keep.rownames = FALSE)
 df[, AgeDiscret := as.factor(round(Age / 10, 0))]
 df[, AgeCat := as.factor(ifelse(Age > 30, "Old", "Young"))]
 df[, ID := NULL]
-    sparse_matrix <- Matrix::sparse.model.matrix(Improved~.-1, data = df) # nolint
+sparse_matrix <- sparse.model.matrix(Improved~.-1, data = df) # nolint
 label <- df[, ifelse(Improved == "Marked", 1, 0)]
 
 # binary
+nrounds <- 12
 bst.Tree <- xgboost(data = sparse_matrix, label = label, max_depth = 9,
                     eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = nrounds, verbose = 0,
-                        objective = "binary:logistic", booster = "gbtree",
+                    objective = "binary:logistic", booster = "gbtree")
-                        base_score = 0.5)
 
 bst.GLM <- xgboost(data = sparse_matrix, label = label,
                    eta = 1, nthread = 1, nrounds = nrounds, verbose = 0,
-                       objective = "binary:logistic", booster = "gblinear",
+                   objective = "binary:logistic", booster = "gblinear")
-                       base_score = 0.5)
 
 feature.names <- colnames(sparse_matrix)
-}
 
 # multiclass
 mlabel <- as.numeric(iris$Species) - 1
@@ -51,7 +45,6 @@ mbst.GLM <- xgboost(data = as.matrix(iris[, -5]), label = mlabel, verbose = 0,
 
 
 test_that("xgb.dump works", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   if (!flag_32bit)
     expect_length(xgb.dump(bst.Tree), 200)
   dump_file <- file.path(tempdir(), 'xgb.model.dump')
@@ -63,11 +56,10 @@ test_that("xgb.dump works", {
   dmp <- xgb.dump(bst.Tree, dump_format = "json")
   expect_length(dmp, 1)
   if (!flag_32bit)
-    expect_length(grep('nodeid', strsplit(dmp, '\n', fixed = TRUE)[[1]], fixed = TRUE), 188)
+    expect_length(grep('nodeid', strsplit(dmp, '\n')[[1]]), 188)
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.dump works for gblinear", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   expect_length(xgb.dump(bst.GLM), 14)
   # also make sure that it works properly for a sparse model where some coefficients
   # are 0 from setting large L1 regularization:
@@ -80,11 +72,10 @@ test_that("xgb.dump works for gblinear", {
   # JSON format
   dmp <- xgb.dump(bst.GLM.sp, dump_format = "json")
   expect_length(dmp, 1)
-  expect_length(grep('\\d', strsplit(dmp, '\n', fixed = TRUE)[[1]]), 11)
+  expect_length(grep('\\d', strsplit(dmp, '\n')[[1]]), 11)
 })
 
 test_that("predict leafs works", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   # no error for gbtree
   expect_error(pred_leaf <- predict(bst.Tree, sparse_matrix, predleaf = TRUE), regexp = NA)
   expect_equal(dim(pred_leaf), c(nrow(sparse_matrix), nrounds))
@@ -93,7 +84,6 @@ test_that("predict leafs works", {
 })
 
 test_that("predict feature contributions works", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   # gbtree binary classifier
   expect_error(pred_contr <- predict(bst.Tree, sparse_matrix, predcontrib = TRUE), regexp = NA)
   expect_equal(dim(pred_contr), c(nrow(sparse_matrix), ncol(sparse_matrix) + 1))
@@ -180,9 +170,8 @@ test_that("SHAPs sum to predictions, with or without DART", {
       label = y,
       nrounds = nrounds)
 
-    pr <- function(...) {
+    pr <- function(...)
       predict(fit, newdata = d, ...)
-    }
     pred <- pr()
     shap <- pr(predcontrib = TRUE)
     shapi <- pr(predinteraction = TRUE)
@@ -197,7 +186,6 @@ test_that("SHAPs sum to predictions, with or without DART", {
 })
 
 test_that("xgb-attribute functionality", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   val <- "my attribute value"
   list.val <- list(my_attr = val, a = 123, b = 'ok')
   list.ch <- list.val[order(names(list.val))]
@@ -231,11 +219,10 @@ test_that("xgb-attribute functionality", {
   expect_null(xgb.attributes(bst))
 })
 
-if (grepl('Windows', Sys.info()[['sysname']], fixed = TRUE) ||
+if (grepl('Windows', Sys.info()[['sysname']]) ||
-    grepl('Linux', Sys.info()[['sysname']], fixed = TRUE) ||
+    grepl('Linux', Sys.info()[['sysname']]) ||
-    grepl('Darwin', Sys.info()[['sysname']], fixed = TRUE)) {
+    grepl('Darwin', Sys.info()[['sysname']])) {
     test_that("xgb-attribute numeric precision", {
-      .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
       # check that lossless conversion works with 17 digits
       # numeric -> character -> numeric
       X <- 10^runif(100, -20, 20)
@@ -254,7 +241,6 @@ if (grepl('Windows', Sys.info()[['sysname']], fixed = TRUE) ||
 }
 
 test_that("xgb.Booster serializing as R object works", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   saveRDS(bst.Tree, 'xgb.model.rds')
   bst <- readRDS('xgb.model.rds')
   dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(sparse_matrix, label = label)
@@ -273,7 +259,6 @@ test_that("xgb.Booster serializing as R object works", {
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.model.dt.tree works with and without feature names", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   names.dt.trees <- c("Tree", "Node", "ID", "Feature", "Split", "Yes", "No", "Missing", "Quality", "Cover")
   dt.tree <- xgb.model.dt.tree(feature_names = feature.names, model = bst.Tree)
   expect_equal(names.dt.trees, names(dt.tree))
@@ -293,18 +278,16 @@ test_that("xgb.model.dt.tree works with and without feature names", {
 
   # using integer node ID instead of character
   dt.tree.int <- xgb.model.dt.tree(model = bst.Tree, use_int_id = TRUE)
-  expect_equal(as.integer(data.table::tstrsplit(dt.tree$Yes, '-', fixed = TRUE)[[2]]), dt.tree.int$Yes)
+  expect_equal(as.integer(tstrsplit(dt.tree$Yes, '-')[[2]]), dt.tree.int$Yes)
-  expect_equal(as.integer(data.table::tstrsplit(dt.tree$No, '-', fixed = TRUE)[[2]]), dt.tree.int$No)
+  expect_equal(as.integer(tstrsplit(dt.tree$No, '-')[[2]]), dt.tree.int$No)
-  expect_equal(as.integer(data.table::tstrsplit(dt.tree$Missing, '-', fixed = TRUE)[[2]]), dt.tree.int$Missing)
+  expect_equal(as.integer(tstrsplit(dt.tree$Missing, '-')[[2]]), dt.tree.int$Missing)
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.model.dt.tree throws error for gblinear", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   expect_error(xgb.model.dt.tree(model = bst.GLM))
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.importance works with and without feature names", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   importance.Tree <- xgb.importance(feature_names = feature.names, model = bst.Tree)
   if (!flag_32bit)
     expect_equal(dim(importance.Tree), c(7, 4))
@@ -362,8 +345,7 @@ test_that("xgb.importance works with and without feature names", {
   m <- xgboost::xgboost(
     data = as.matrix(data.frame(x = c(0, 1))),
     label = c(1, 2),
-    nrounds = 1,
+    nrounds = 1
-    base_score = 0.5
   )
   df <- xgb.model.dt.tree(model = m)
   expect_equal(df$Feature, "Leaf")
@@ -371,7 +353,6 @@ test_that("xgb.importance works with and without feature names", {
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.importance works with GLM model", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   importance.GLM <- xgb.importance(feature_names = feature.names, model = bst.GLM)
   expect_equal(dim(importance.GLM), c(10, 2))
   expect_equal(colnames(importance.GLM), c("Feature", "Weight"))
@@ -387,7 +368,6 @@ test_that("xgb.importance works with GLM model", {
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.model.dt.tree and xgb.importance work with a single split model", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   bst1 <- xgboost(data = sparse_matrix, label = label, max_depth = 1,
                   eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = 1, verbose = 0,
                   objective = "binary:logistic")
@@ -399,19 +379,16 @@ test_that("xgb.model.dt.tree and xgb.importance work with a single split model",
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.plot.tree works with and without feature names", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   expect_silent(xgb.plot.tree(feature_names = feature.names, model = bst.Tree))
   expect_silent(xgb.plot.tree(model = bst.Tree))
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.plot.multi.trees works with and without feature names", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   xgb.plot.multi.trees(model = bst.Tree, feature_names = feature.names, features_keep = 3)
   xgb.plot.multi.trees(model = bst.Tree, features_keep = 3)
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.plot.deepness works", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   d2p <- xgb.plot.deepness(model = bst.Tree)
   expect_equal(colnames(d2p), c("ID", "Tree", "Depth", "Cover", "Weight"))
   xgb.plot.deepness(model = bst.Tree, which = "med.depth")
@@ -419,7 +396,6 @@ test_that("xgb.plot.deepness works", {
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.shap.data works when top_n is provided", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   data_list <- xgb.shap.data(data = sparse_matrix, model = bst.Tree, top_n = 2)
   expect_equal(names(data_list), c("data", "shap_contrib"))
   expect_equal(NCOL(data_list$data), 2)
@@ -437,14 +413,12 @@ test_that("xgb.shap.data works when top_n is provided", {
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.shap.data works with subsampling", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   data_list <- xgb.shap.data(data = sparse_matrix, model = bst.Tree, top_n = 2, subsample = 0.8)
   expect_equal(NROW(data_list$data), as.integer(0.8 * nrow(sparse_matrix)))
   expect_equal(NROW(data_list$data), NROW(data_list$shap_contrib))
 })
 
 test_that("prepare.ggplot.shap.data works", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   data_list <- xgb.shap.data(data = sparse_matrix, model = bst.Tree, top_n = 2)
   plot_data <- prepare.ggplot.shap.data(data_list, normalize = TRUE)
   expect_s3_class(plot_data, "data.frame")
@@ -455,13 +429,11 @@ test_that("prepare.ggplot.shap.data works", {
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.plot.shap works", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   sh <- xgb.plot.shap(data = sparse_matrix, model = bst.Tree, top_n = 2, col = 4)
   expect_equal(names(sh), c("data", "shap_contrib"))
 })
 
 test_that("xgb.plot.shap.summary works", {
-  .skip_if_vcd_not_available()
   expect_silent(xgb.plot.shap.summary(data = sparse_matrix, model = bst.Tree, top_n = 2))
   expect_silent(xgb.ggplot.shap.summary(data = sparse_matrix, model = bst.Tree, top_n = 2))
 })

R-package/tests/testthat/test_interactions.R

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 context('Test prediction of feature interactions')
 
+require(xgboost)
+
 set.seed(123)
 
 test_that("predict feature interactions works", {

R-package/tests/testthat/test_io.R

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 context("Test model IO.")
+## some other tests are in test_basic.R
+require(xgboost)
+require(testthat)
 
 data(agaricus.train, package = "xgboost")
 data(agaricus.test, package = "xgboost")

R-package/tests/testthat/test_model_compatibility.R

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+require(xgboost)
+require(jsonlite)
+
 context("Models from previous versions of XGBoost can be loaded")
 
 metadata <- list(
@@ -59,12 +62,11 @@ test_that("Models from previous versions of XGBoost can be loaded", {
   bucket <- 'xgboost-ci-jenkins-artifacts'
   region <- 'us-west-2'
   file_name <- 'xgboost_r_model_compatibility_test.zip'
-  zipfile <- tempfile(fileext = ".zip")
+  zipfile <- file.path(getwd(), file_name)
-  extract_dir <- tempdir()
+  model_dir <- file.path(getwd(), 'models')
   download.file(paste('https://', bucket, '.s3-', region, '.amazonaws.com/', file_name, sep = ''),
                 destfile = zipfile, mode = 'wb', quiet = TRUE)
-  unzip(zipfile, exdir = extract_dir, overwrite = TRUE)
+  unzip(zipfile, overwrite = TRUE)
-  model_dir <- file.path(extract_dir, 'models')
 
   pred_data <- xgb.DMatrix(matrix(c(0, 0, 0, 0), nrow = 1, ncol = 4))
 
@@ -76,6 +78,8 @@ test_that("Models from previous versions of XGBoost can be loaded", {
     name <- m[3]
     is_rds <- endsWith(model_file, '.rds')
     is_json <- endsWith(model_file, '.json')
+
+    cpp_warning <- capture.output({
       # Expect an R warning when a model is loaded from RDS and it was generated by version < 1.1.x
       if (is_rds && compareVersion(model_xgb_ver, '1.1.1.1') < 0) {
         booster <- readRDS(model_file)
@@ -92,4 +96,14 @@ test_that("Models from previous versions of XGBoost can be loaded", {
         run_booster_check(booster, name)
       }
     })
+    cpp_warning <- paste0(cpp_warning, collapse = ' ')
+    if (is_rds && compareVersion(model_xgb_ver, '1.1.1.1') >= 0) {
+      # Expect a C++ warning when a model is loaded from RDS and it was generated by old XGBoost`
+      m <- grepl(paste0('.*If you are loading a serialized model ',
+                        '\\(like pickle in Python, RDS in R\\).*',
+                        'for more details about differences between ',
+                        'saving model and serializing.*'), cpp_warning, perl = TRUE)
+      expect_true(length(m) > 0 && all(m))
+    }
+  })
 })

R-package/tests/testthat/test_monotone.R

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require(xgboost)
+
 context("monotone constraints")
 
 set.seed(1024)

R-package/tests/testthat/test_parameter_exposure.R

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 context('Test model params and call are exposed to R')
 
+require(xgboost)
+
 data(agaricus.train, package = 'xgboost')
 data(agaricus.test, package = 'xgboost')
 

R-package/tests/testthat/test_poisson_regression.R

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 context('Test Poisson regression model')
 
+require(xgboost)
 set.seed(1994)
 
 test_that("Poisson regression works", {

R-package/tests/testthat/test_ranking.R

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
+require(xgboost)
+require(Matrix)
+
 context('Learning to rank')
 
 test_that('Test ranking with unweighted data', {
-  X <- Matrix::sparseMatrix(
+  X <- sparseMatrix(i = c(2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18),
-    i = c(2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18)
+                    j = c(1, 1, 2, 2,  3,  3,  4,  4),
-    , j = c(1, 1, 2, 2,  3,  3,  4,  4)
+                    x = rep(1.0, 8), dims = c(20, 4))
-    , x = rep(1.0, 8)
-    , dims = c(20, 4)
-  )
   y <- c(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0)
   group <- c(5, 5, 5, 5)
   dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(X, label = y, group = group)
@@ -20,12 +20,9 @@ test_that('Test ranking with unweighted data', {
 })
 
 test_that('Test ranking with weighted data', {
-  X <- Matrix::sparseMatrix(
+  X <- sparseMatrix(i = c(2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18),
-    i = c(2, 3, 7, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18)
+                    j = c(1, 1, 2, 2,  3,  3,  4,  4),
-    , j = c(1, 1, 2, 2,  3,  3,  4,  4)
+                    x = rep(1.0, 8), dims = c(20, 4))
-    , x = rep(1.0, 8)
-    , dims = c(20, 4)
-  )
   y <- c(0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0)
   group <- c(5, 5, 5, 5)
   weight <- c(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0)

R-package/tests/testthat/test_update.R

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+require(xgboost)
+
 context("update trees in an existing model")
 
 data(agaricus.train, package = 'xgboost')
@@ -13,10 +15,7 @@ test_that("updating the model works", {
   watchlist <- list(train = dtrain, test = dtest)
 
   # no-subsampling
-  p1 <- list(
+  p1 <- list(objective = "binary:logistic", max_depth = 2, eta = 0.05, nthread = 2)
-    objective = "binary:logistic", max_depth = 2, eta = 0.05, nthread = 2,
-    updater = "grow_colmaker,prune"
-  )
   set.seed(11)
   bst1 <- xgb.train(p1, dtrain, nrounds = 10, watchlist, verbose = 0)
   tr1 <- xgb.model.dt.tree(model = bst1)

R-package/vignettes/discoverYourData.Rmd

@@ -28,9 +28,7 @@ Package loading:
 require(xgboost)
 require(Matrix)
 require(data.table)
-if (!require('vcd')) {
+if (!require('vcd')) install.packages('vcd')
-  install.packages('vcd')
-}
 ```
 
 > **VCD** package is used for one of its embedded dataset only.
@@ -158,7 +156,7 @@ head(sparse_matrix)
 Create the output `numeric` vector (not as a sparse `Matrix`):
 
 ```{r}
-output_vector <- df[, Improved] == "Marked"
+output_vector = df[,Improved] == "Marked"
 ```
 
 1. set `Y` vector to `0`;
@@ -329,25 +327,10 @@ train <- agaricus.train
 test <- agaricus.test
 
 #Random Forest - 1000 trees
-bst <- xgboost(
+bst <- xgboost(data = train$data, label = train$label, max_depth = 4, num_parallel_tree = 1000, subsample = 0.5, colsample_bytree =0.5, nrounds = 1, objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = train$data
-    , label = train$label
-    , max_depth = 4
-    , num_parallel_tree = 1000
-    , subsample = 0.5
-    , colsample_bytree = 0.5
-    , nrounds = 1
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 
 #Boosting - 3 rounds
-bst <- xgboost(
+bst <- xgboost(data = train$data, label = train$label, max_depth = 4, nrounds = 3, objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = train$data
-    , label = train$label
-    , max_depth = 4
-    , nrounds = 3
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 ```
 
 > Note that the parameter `round` is set to `1`.

R-package/vignettes/xgboost.bib

@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@
   publisher={Institute of Mathematical Statistics}
 }
 
+
 @misc{
     Bache+Lichman:2013 ,
     author = "K. Bache and M. Lichman",
     year = "2013",
     title = "{UCI} Machine Learning Repository",
-    url = "https://archive.ics.uci.edu/",
+    url = "http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/",
     institution = "University of California, Irvine, School of Information and Computer Sciences" 
 }
+

R-package/vignettes/xgboostPresentation.Rmd

@@ -152,15 +152,7 @@ We will train decision tree model using the following parameters:
 * `nrounds = 2`: there will be two passes on the data, the second one will enhance the model by further reducing the difference between ground truth and prediction.
 
 ```{r trainingSparse, message=F, warning=F}
-bstSparse <- xgboost(
+bstSparse <- xgboost(data = train$data, label = train$label, max_depth = 2, eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = 2, objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = train$data
-    , label = train$label
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 ```
 
 > More complex the relationship between your features and your `label` is, more passes you need.
@@ -172,15 +164,7 @@ bstSparse <- xgboost(
 Alternatively, you can put your dataset in a *dense* matrix, i.e. a basic **R** matrix.
 
 ```{r trainingDense, message=F, warning=F}
-bstDense <- xgboost(
+bstDense <- xgboost(data = as.matrix(train$data), label = train$label, max_depth = 2, eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = 2, objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = as.matrix(train$data)
-    , label = train$label
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 ```
 
 ##### xgb.DMatrix
@@ -189,14 +173,7 @@ bstDense <- xgboost(
 
 ```{r trainingDmatrix, message=F, warning=F}
 dtrain <- xgb.DMatrix(data = train$data, label = train$label)
-bstDMatrix <- xgboost(
+bstDMatrix <- xgboost(data = dtrain, max_depth = 2, eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = 2, objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = dtrain
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 ```
 
 ##### Verbose option
@@ -207,41 +184,17 @@ One of the simplest way to see the training progress is to set the `verbose` opt
 
 ```{r trainingVerbose0, message=T, warning=F}
 # verbose = 0, no message
-bst <- xgboost(
+bst <- xgboost(data = dtrain, max_depth = 2, eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = 2, objective = "binary:logistic", verbose = 0)
-    data = dtrain
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-    , verbose = 0
-)
 ```
 
 ```{r trainingVerbose1, message=T, warning=F}
 # verbose = 1, print evaluation metric
-bst <- xgboost(
+bst <- xgboost(data = dtrain, max_depth = 2, eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = 2, objective = "binary:logistic", verbose = 1)
-    data = dtrain
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-    , verbose = 1
-)
 ```
 
 ```{r trainingVerbose2, message=T, warning=F}
 # verbose = 2, also print information about tree
-bst <- xgboost(
+bst <- xgboost(data = dtrain, max_depth = 2, eta = 1, nthread = 2, nrounds = 2, objective = "binary:logistic", verbose = 2)
-    data = dtrain
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-    , verbose = 2
-)
 ```
 
 ## Basic prediction using XGBoost
@@ -334,15 +287,7 @@ For the purpose of this example, we use `watchlist` parameter. It is a list of `
 ```{r watchlist, message=F, warning=F}
 watchlist <- list(train=dtrain, test=dtest)
 
-bst <- xgb.train(
+bst <- xgb.train(data=dtrain, max_depth=2, eta=1, nthread = 2, nrounds=2, watchlist=watchlist, objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = dtrain
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , watchlist = watchlist
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 ```
 
 **XGBoost** has computed at each round the same average error metric than seen above (we set `nrounds` to 2, that is why we have two lines). Obviously, the `train-error` number is related to the training dataset (the one the algorithm learns from) and the `test-error` number to the test dataset.
@@ -354,17 +299,7 @@ If with your own dataset you have not such results, you should think about how y
 For a better understanding of the learning progression, you may want to have some specific metric or even use multiple evaluation metrics.
 
 ```{r watchlist2, message=F, warning=F}
-bst <- xgb.train(
+bst <- xgb.train(data=dtrain, max_depth=2, eta=1, nthread = 2, nrounds=2, watchlist=watchlist, eval_metric = "error", eval_metric = "logloss", objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = dtrain
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , watchlist = watchlist
-    , eval_metric = "error"
-    , eval_metric = "logloss"
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 ```
 
 > `eval_metric` allows us to monitor two new metrics for each round, `logloss` and `error`.
@@ -375,17 +310,7 @@ bst <- xgb.train(
 Until now, all the learnings we have performed were based on boosting trees. **XGBoost** implements a second algorithm, based on linear boosting. The only difference with previous command is `booster = "gblinear"` parameter (and removing `eta` parameter).
 
 ```{r linearBoosting, message=F, warning=F}
-bst <- xgb.train(
+bst <- xgb.train(data=dtrain, booster = "gblinear", max_depth=2, nthread = 2, nrounds=2, watchlist=watchlist, eval_metric = "error", eval_metric = "logloss", objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = dtrain
-    , booster = "gblinear"
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , watchlist = watchlist
-    , eval_metric = "error"
-    , eval_metric = "logloss"
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 ```
 
 In this specific case, *linear boosting* gets slightly better performance metrics than decision trees based algorithm.
@@ -403,15 +328,7 @@ Like saving models, `xgb.DMatrix` object (which groups both dataset and outcome)
 xgb.DMatrix.save(dtrain, "dtrain.buffer")
 # to load it in, simply call xgb.DMatrix
 dtrain2 <- xgb.DMatrix("dtrain.buffer")
-bst <- xgb.train(
+bst <- xgb.train(data=dtrain2, max_depth=2, eta=1, nthread = 2, nrounds=2, watchlist=watchlist, objective = "binary:logistic")
-    data = dtrain2
-    , max_depth = 2
-    , eta = 1
-    , nthread = 2
-    , nrounds = 2
-    , watchlist = watchlist
-    , objective = "binary:logistic"
-)
 ```
 
 ```{r DMatrixDel, include=FALSE}
@@ -423,7 +340,7 @@ file.remove("dtrain.buffer")
 Information can be extracted from `xgb.DMatrix` using `getinfo` function. Hereafter we will extract `label` data.
 
 ```{r getinfo, message=F, warning=F}
-label <- getinfo(dtest, "label")
+label = getinfo(dtest, "label")
 pred <- predict(bst, dtest)
 err <- as.numeric(sum(as.integer(pred > 0.5) != label))/length(label)
 print(paste("test-error=", err))

R-package/vignettes/xgboostfromJSON.Rmd

@@ -163,10 +163,9 @@ We were able to get the log-odds to agree, so now let's manually calculate the s
 bst_preds <- predict(bst,as.matrix(data$dates))
 
 # calculate the predictions casting doubles to floats
-bst_from_json_preds <- ifelse(
+bst_from_json_preds <- ifelse(fl(data$dates)<fl(node$split_condition),
-  fl(data$dates) < fl(node$split_condition)
+                              as.numeric(1/(1+exp(-1*fl(node$children[[1]]$leaf)))),
-  , as.numeric(1 / (1 + exp(-1 * fl(node$children[[1]]$leaf))))
+                              as.numeric(1/(1+exp(-1*fl(node$children[[2]]$leaf))))
-  , as.numeric(1 / (1 + exp(-1 * fl(node$children[[2]]$leaf))))
 )
 
 # test that values are equal
@@ -178,10 +177,9 @@ None are exactly equal again.  What is going on here?  Well, since we are using
 How do we fix this?  We have to ensure we use the correct data types everywhere and the correct operators.  If we use only floats, the float library that we have loaded will ensure the 32-bit float exponentiation operator is applied. 
 ```{r}
 # calculate the predictions casting doubles to floats
-bst_from_json_preds <- ifelse(
+bst_from_json_preds <- ifelse(fl(data$dates)<fl(node$split_condition),
-  fl(data$dates) < fl(node$split_condition)
+                              as.numeric(fl(1)/(fl(1)+exp(fl(-1)*fl(node$children[[1]]$leaf)))),
-  , as.numeric(fl(1) / (fl(1) + exp(fl(-1) * fl(node$children[[1]]$leaf))))
+                              as.numeric(fl(1)/(fl(1)+exp(fl(-1)*fl(node$children[[2]]$leaf))))
-  , as.numeric(fl(1) / (fl(1) + exp(fl(-1) * fl(node$children[[2]]$leaf))))
 )
 
 # test that values are equal

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-<img src="https://xgboost.ai/images/logo/xgboost-logo.svg" width=135/>  eXtreme Gradient Boosting
+<img src=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/dmlc/dmlc.github.io/master/img/logo-m/xgboost.png width=135/>  eXtreme Gradient Boosting
 ===========
-[![Build Status](https://badge.buildkite.com/aca47f40a32735c00a8550540c5eeff6a4c1d246a580cae9b0.svg?branch=master)](https://buildkite.com/xgboost/xgboost-ci)
+[![Build Status](https://xgboost-ci.net/job/xgboost/job/master/badge/icon)](https://xgboost-ci.net/blue/organizations/jenkins/xgboost/activity)
+[![Build Status](https://img.shields.io/travis/dmlc/xgboost.svg?label=build&logo=travis&branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/dmlc/xgboost)
 [![XGBoost-CI](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost/workflows/XGBoost-CI/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost/actions)
 [![Documentation Status](https://readthedocs.org/projects/xgboost/badge/?version=latest)](https://xgboost.readthedocs.org)
 [![GitHub license](http://dmlc.github.io/img/apache2.svg)](./LICENSE)
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@
 XGBoost is an optimized distributed gradient boosting library designed to be highly ***efficient***, ***flexible*** and ***portable***.
 It implements machine learning algorithms under the [Gradient Boosting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradient_boosting) framework.
 XGBoost provides a parallel tree boosting (also known as GBDT, GBM) that solve many data science problems in a fast and accurate way.
-The same code runs on major distributed environment (Kubernetes, Hadoop, SGE, Dask, Spark, PySpark) and can solve problems beyond billions of examples.
+The same code runs on major distributed environment (Kubernetes, Hadoop, SGE, MPI, Dask) and can solve problems beyond billions of examples.
 
 License
 -------

cmake/Python_version.in

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+@xgboost_VERSION_MAJOR@.@xgboost_VERSION_MINOR@.@xgboost_VERSION_PATCH@

cmake/Sanitizer.cmake

@@ -8,6 +8,9 @@ macro(enable_sanitizer sanitizer)
   if(${sanitizer} MATCHES "address")
     find_package(ASan)
     set(SAN_COMPILE_FLAGS "${SAN_COMPILE_FLAGS} -fsanitize=address")
+    if (ASan_FOUND)
+      link_libraries(${ASan_LIBRARY})
+    endif (ASan_FOUND)
 
   elseif(${sanitizer} MATCHES "thread")
     find_package(TSan)
@@ -19,10 +22,16 @@ macro(enable_sanitizer sanitizer)
   elseif(${sanitizer} MATCHES "leak")
     find_package(LSan)
     set(SAN_COMPILE_FLAGS "${SAN_COMPILE_FLAGS} -fsanitize=leak")
+    if (LSan_FOUND)
+      link_libraries(${LSan_LIBRARY})
+    endif (LSan_FOUND)
 
   elseif(${sanitizer} MATCHES "undefined")
     find_package(UBSan)
     set(SAN_COMPILE_FLAGS "${SAN_COMPILE_FLAGS} -fsanitize=undefined -fno-sanitize-recover=undefined")
+    if (UBSan_FOUND)
+      link_libraries(${UBSan_LIBRARY})
+    endif (UBSan_FOUND)
 
   else()
     message(FATAL_ERROR "Santizer ${sanitizer} not supported.")

cmake/Utils.cmake

@@ -124,6 +124,13 @@ function(format_gencode_flags flags out)
   endif (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "3.18")
 endfunction(format_gencode_flags flags)
 
+macro(enable_nvtx target)
+  find_package(NVTX REQUIRED)
+  target_include_directories(${target} PRIVATE "${NVTX_INCLUDE_DIR}")
+  target_link_libraries(${target} PRIVATE "${NVTX_LIBRARY}")
+  target_compile_definitions(${target} PRIVATE -DXGBOOST_USE_NVTX=1)
+endmacro()
+
 # Set CUDA related flags to target.  Must be used after code `format_gencode_flags`.
 function(xgboost_set_cuda_flags target)
   target_compile_options(${target} PRIVATE
@@ -155,14 +162,16 @@ function(xgboost_set_cuda_flags target)
   endif (USE_DEVICE_DEBUG)
 
   if (USE_NVTX)
-    target_compile_definitions(${target} PRIVATE -DXGBOOST_USE_NVTX=1)
+    enable_nvtx(${target})
   endif (USE_NVTX)
 
+  if (NOT BUILD_WITH_CUDA_CUB)
+    target_compile_definitions(${target} PRIVATE -DXGBOOST_USE_CUDA=1 -DTHRUST_IGNORE_CUB_VERSION_CHECK=1)
+    target_include_directories(${target} PRIVATE ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/cub/ ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/gputreeshap)
+  else ()
     target_compile_definitions(${target} PRIVATE -DXGBOOST_USE_CUDA=1)
-  target_include_directories(
+    target_include_directories(${target} PRIVATE ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/gputreeshap)
-    ${target} PRIVATE
+  endif (NOT BUILD_WITH_CUDA_CUB)
-    ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/gputreeshap
-    ${CUDAToolkit_INCLUDE_DIRS})
 
   if (MSVC)
     target_compile_options(${target} PRIVATE
@@ -285,7 +294,7 @@ macro(xgboost_target_link_libraries target)
   endif (USE_NCCL)
 
   if (USE_NVTX)
-    target_link_libraries(${target} PRIVATE CUDA::nvToolsExt)
+    enable_nvtx(${target})
   endif (USE_NVTX)
 
   if (RABIT_BUILD_MPI)

cmake/Version.cmake

@@ -3,4 +3,7 @@ function (write_version)
   configure_file(
     ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/version_config.h.in
     ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/include/xgboost/version_config.h @ONLY)
+  configure_file(
+    ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake/Python_version.in
+    ${xgboost_SOURCE_DIR}/python-package/xgboost/VERSION @ONLY)
 endfunction (write_version)

cmake/modules/FindASan.cmake

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 set(ASan_LIB_NAME ASan)
 
 find_library(ASan_LIBRARY
-  NAMES libasan.so libasan.so.6 libasan.so.5 libasan.so.4 libasan.so.3 libasan.so.2 libasan.so.1 libasan.so.0
+  NAMES libasan.so libasan.so.5 libasan.so.4 libasan.so.3 libasan.so.2 libasan.so.1 libasan.so.0
   PATHS ${SANITIZER_PATH} /usr/lib64 /usr/lib /usr/local/lib64 /usr/local/lib ${CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH}/lib)
 
 include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)

cmake/modules/FindNVTX.cmake

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+if (NVTX_LIBRARY)
+  unset(NVTX_LIBRARY CACHE)
+endif (NVTX_LIBRARY)
+
+set(NVTX_LIB_NAME nvToolsExt)
+
+
+find_path(NVTX_INCLUDE_DIR
+  NAMES nvToolsExt.h
+  PATHS ${CUDA_HOME}/include ${CUDA_INCLUDE} /usr/local/cuda/include)
+
+
+find_library(NVTX_LIBRARY
+  NAMES nvToolsExt
+  PATHS ${CUDA_HOME}/lib64 /usr/local/cuda/lib64)
+
+message(STATUS "Using nvtx library: ${NVTX_LIBRARY}")
+
+include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
+find_package_handle_standard_args(NVTX DEFAULT_MSG
+                                  NVTX_INCLUDE_DIR NVTX_LIBRARY)
+
+mark_as_advanced(
+  NVTX_INCLUDE_DIR
+  NVTX_LIBRARY
+)

cmake/version_config.h.in

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/**
+/*!
- * Copyright 2019-2023 by XGBoost contributors
+ * Copyright 2019 XGBoost contributors
  */
 #ifndef XGBOOST_VERSION_CONFIG_H_
 #define XGBOOST_VERSION_CONFIG_H_
 
-#define XGBOOST_VER_MAJOR @xgboost_VERSION_MAJOR@  /* NOLINT */
+#define XGBOOST_VER_MAJOR @xgboost_VERSION_MAJOR@
-#define XGBOOST_VER_MINOR @xgboost_VERSION_MINOR@  /* NOLINT */
+#define XGBOOST_VER_MINOR @xgboost_VERSION_MINOR@
-#define XGBOOST_VER_PATCH @xgboost_VERSION_PATCH@  /* NOLINT */
+#define XGBOOST_VER_PATCH @xgboost_VERSION_PATCH@
 
 #endif  // XGBOOST_VERSION_CONFIG_H_

demo/CLI/binary_classification/mknfold.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-import random
 import sys
+import random
 
 if len(sys.argv) < 2:
     print ('Usage:<filename> <k> [nfold = 5]')

demo/CLI/binary_classification/mushroom.conf

@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ num_round = 2
 # 0 means do not save any model except the final round model
 save_period = 2
 # The path of training data
-data = "agaricus.txt.train?format=libsvm"
+data = "agaricus.txt.train"
 # The path of validation data, used to monitor training process, here [test] sets name of the validation set
-eval[test] = "agaricus.txt.test?format=libsvm"
+eval[test] = "agaricus.txt.test"
 # evaluate on training data as well each round
 eval_train = 1
 # The path of test data
-test:data = "agaricus.txt.test?format=libsvm"
+test:data = "agaricus.txt.test"

demo/CLI/regression/machine.conf

@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ num_round = 2
 # 0 means do not save any model except the final round model
 save_period = 0
 # The path of training data
-data = "machine.txt.train?format=libsvm"
+data = "machine.txt.train"
 # The path of validation data, used to monitor training process, here [test] sets name of the validation set
-eval[test] = "machine.txt.test?format=libsvm"
+eval[test] = "machine.txt.test"
 # The path of test data
-test:data = "machine.txt.test?format=libsvm"
+test:data = "machine.txt.test"

demo/CLI/regression/mknfold.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
-import random
 import sys
+import random
 
 if len(sys.argv) < 2:
     print('Usage:<filename> <k> [nfold = 5]')

demo/CLI/yearpredMSD/csv2libsvm.py

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
 
 import sys
-
 fo = open(sys.argv[2], 'w')
 
 for l in open(sys.argv[1]):

demo/aft_survival/aft_survival_demo.py

@@ -6,11 +6,9 @@ Demo for survival analysis (regression). using Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) mo
 """
 
 import os
-
-import numpy as np
-import pandas as pd
 from sklearn.model_selection import ShuffleSplit
-
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
 import xgboost as xgb
 
 # The Veterans' Administration Lung Cancer Trial

demo/aft_survival/aft_survival_demo_with_optuna.py

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ Demo for survival analysis (regression) using Accelerated Failure Time (AFT) mod
 using Optuna to tune hyperparameters
 
 """
-import numpy as np
-import optuna
-import pandas as pd
 from sklearn.model_selection import ShuffleSplit
-
+import pandas as pd
+import numpy as np
 import xgboost as xgb
+import optuna
 
 # The Veterans' Administration Lung Cancer Trial
 # The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data by Kalbfleisch J. and Prentice R (1980)

demo/aft_survival/aft_survival_viz_demo.py

@@ -6,32 +6,21 @@ This demo uses 1D toy data and visualizes how XGBoost fits a tree ensemble. The
 model starts out as a flat line and evolves into a step function in order to account for
 all ranged labels.
 """
-import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 import numpy as np
-
 import xgboost as xgb
+import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
-plt.rcParams.update({"font.size": 13})
+plt.rcParams.update({'font.size': 13})
-
 
 # Function to visualize censored labels
-def plot_censored_labels(
+def plot_censored_labels(X, y_lower, y_upper):
-    X: np.ndarray, y_lower: np.ndarray, y_upper: np.ndarray
+    def replace_inf(x, target_value):
-) -> None:
-    def replace_inf(x: np.ndarray, target_value: float) -> np.ndarray:
         x[np.isinf(x)] = target_value
         return x
-
+    plt.plot(X, y_lower, 'o', label='y_lower', color='blue')
-    plt.plot(X, y_lower, "o", label="y_lower", color="blue")
+    plt.plot(X, y_upper, 'o', label='y_upper', color='fuchsia')
-    plt.plot(X, y_upper, "o", label="y_upper", color="fuchsia")
+    plt.vlines(X, ymin=replace_inf(y_lower, 0.01), ymax=replace_inf(y_upper, 1000),
-    plt.vlines(
+               label='Range for y', color='gray')
-        X,
-        ymin=replace_inf(y_lower, 0.01),
-        ymax=replace_inf(y_upper, 1000.0),
-        label="Range for y",
-        color="gray",
-    )
-
 
 # Toy data
 X = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]).reshape((-1, 1))
@@ -43,11 +32,11 @@ y_upper = np.array([INF, INF, 20, 50, INF])
 plt.figure(figsize=(5, 4))
 plot_censored_labels(X, y_lower, y_upper)
 plt.ylim((6, 200))
-plt.legend(loc="lower right")
+plt.legend(loc='lower right')
-plt.title("Toy data")
+plt.title('Toy data')
-plt.xlabel("Input feature")
+plt.xlabel('Input feature')
-plt.ylabel("Label")
+plt.ylabel('Label')
-plt.yscale("log")
+plt.yscale('log')
 plt.tight_layout()
 plt.show(block=True)
 
@@ -56,83 +45,54 @@ grid_pts = np.linspace(0.8, 5.2, 1000).reshape((-1, 1))
 
 # Train AFT model using XGBoost
 dmat = xgb.DMatrix(X)
-dmat.set_float_info("label_lower_bound", y_lower)
+dmat.set_float_info('label_lower_bound', y_lower)
-dmat.set_float_info("label_upper_bound", y_upper)
+dmat.set_float_info('label_upper_bound', y_upper)
-params = {"max_depth": 3, "objective": "survival:aft", "min_child_weight": 0}
+params = {'max_depth': 3, 'objective':'survival:aft', 'min_child_weight': 0}
 
 accuracy_history = []
-
+def plot_intermediate_model_callback(env):
-
+    """Custom callback to plot intermediate models"""
-class PlotIntermediateModel(xgb.callback.TrainingCallback):
+    # Compute y_pred = prediction using the intermediate model, at current boosting iteration
-    """Custom callback to plot intermediate models."""
+    y_pred = env.model.predict(dmat)
-
+    # "Accuracy" = the number of data points whose ranged label (y_lower, y_upper) includes
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
+    #              the corresponding predicted label (y_pred)
-        super().__init__()
+    acc = np.sum(np.logical_and(y_pred >= y_lower, y_pred <= y_upper)/len(X) * 100)
-
-    def after_iteration(
-        self,
-        model: xgb.Booster,
-        epoch: int,
-        evals_log: xgb.callback.TrainingCallback.EvalsLog,
-    ) -> bool:
-        """Run after training is finished."""
-        # Compute y_pred = prediction using the intermediate model, at current boosting
-        # iteration
-        y_pred = model.predict(dmat)
-        # "Accuracy" = the number of data points whose ranged label (y_lower, y_upper)
-        #              includes the corresponding predicted label (y_pred)
-        acc = np.sum(
-            np.logical_and(y_pred >= y_lower, y_pred <= y_upper) / len(X) * 100
-        )
     accuracy_history.append(acc)
 
     # Plot ranged labels as well as predictions by the model
-        plt.subplot(5, 3, epoch + 1)
+    plt.subplot(5, 3, env.iteration + 1)
     plot_censored_labels(X, y_lower, y_upper)
-        y_pred_grid_pts = model.predict(xgb.DMatrix(grid_pts))
+    y_pred_grid_pts = env.model.predict(xgb.DMatrix(grid_pts))
-        plt.plot(
+    plt.plot(grid_pts, y_pred_grid_pts, 'r-', label='XGBoost AFT model', linewidth=4)
-            grid_pts, y_pred_grid_pts, "r-", label="XGBoost AFT model", linewidth=4
+    plt.title('Iteration {}'.format(env.iteration), x=0.5, y=0.8)
-        )
-        plt.title("Iteration {}".format(epoch), x=0.5, y=0.8)
     plt.xlim((0.8, 5.2))
     plt.ylim((1 if np.min(y_pred) < 6 else 6, 200))
-        plt.yscale("log")
+    plt.yscale('log')
-        return False
 
-
+res = {}
-res: xgb.callback.TrainingCallback.EvalsLog = {}
 plt.figure(figsize=(12,13))
-bst = xgb.train(
+bst = xgb.train(params, dmat, 15, [(dmat, 'train')], evals_result=res,
-    params,
+                callbacks=[plot_intermediate_model_callback])
-    dmat,
-    15,
-    [(dmat, "train")],
-    evals_result=res,
-    callbacks=[PlotIntermediateModel()],
-)
 plt.tight_layout()
-plt.legend(
+plt.legend(loc='lower center', ncol=4,
-    loc="lower center",
-    ncol=4,
            bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 0),
-    bbox_transform=plt.gcf().transFigure,
+           bbox_transform=plt.gcf().transFigure)
-)
 plt.tight_layout()
 
 # Plot negative log likelihood over boosting iterations
 plt.figure(figsize=(8,3))
 plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
-plt.plot(res["train"]["aft-nloglik"], "b-o", label="aft-nloglik")
+plt.plot(res['train']['aft-nloglik'], 'b-o', label='aft-nloglik')
-plt.xlabel("# Boosting Iterations")
+plt.xlabel('# Boosting Iterations')
-plt.legend(loc="best")
+plt.legend(loc='best')
 
 # Plot "accuracy" over boosting iterations
 # "Accuracy" = the number of data points whose ranged label (y_lower, y_upper) includes
 #              the corresponding predicted label (y_pred)
 plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
-plt.plot(accuracy_history, "r-o", label="Accuracy (%)")
+plt.plot(accuracy_history, 'r-o', label='Accuracy (%)')
-plt.xlabel("# Boosting Iterations")
+plt.xlabel('# Boosting Iterations')
-plt.legend(loc="best")
+plt.legend(loc='best')
 plt.tight_layout()
 
 plt.show()

demo/c-api/basic/c-api-demo.c

@@ -1,16 +1,13 @@
-/**
+/*!
- * Copyright 2019-2023 by XGBoost contributors
+ * Copyright 2019 XGBoost contributors
  *
  * \file c-api-demo.c
  * \brief A simple example of using xgboost C API.
  */
 
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h> /* uint32_t,uint64_t */
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
 #include <xgboost/c_api.h>
 
 #define safe_xgboost(call) {                                            \
@@ -21,29 +18,14 @@ if (err != 0) {                                                         \
 }                                                                       \
 }
 
-/* Make Json encoded array interface. */
-static void MakeArrayInterface(size_t data, size_t n, char const* typestr, size_t length,
-                               char* out) {
-  static char const kTemplate[] =
-      "{\"data\": [%lu, true], \"shape\": [%lu, %lu], \"typestr\": \"%s\", \"version\": 3}";
-  memset(out, '\0', length);
-  sprintf(out, kTemplate, data, n, 1ul, typestr);
-}
-/* Make Json encoded DMatrix configuration. */
-static void MakeConfig(int n_threads, size_t length, char* out) {
-  static char const kTemplate[] = "{\"missing\": NaN, \"nthread\": %d}";
-  memset(out, '\0', length);
-  sprintf(out, kTemplate, n_threads);
-}
-
 int main() {
   int silent = 0;
   int use_gpu = 0;  // set to 1 to use the GPU for training
 
   // load the data
   DMatrixHandle dtrain, dtest;
-  safe_xgboost(XGDMatrixCreateFromFile("../../data/agaricus.txt.train?format=libsvm", silent, &dtrain));
+  safe_xgboost(XGDMatrixCreateFromFile("../../data/agaricus.txt.train", silent, &dtrain));
-  safe_xgboost(XGDMatrixCreateFromFile("../../data/agaricus.txt.test?format=libsvm", silent, &dtest));
+  safe_xgboost(XGDMatrixCreateFromFile("../../data/agaricus.txt.test", silent, &dtest));
 
   // create the booster
   BoosterHandle booster;
@@ -139,27 +121,17 @@ int main() {
   }
 
   {
-    printf("Sparse Matrix Example (XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR): ");
+    printf("Sparse Matrix Example (XGDMatrixCreateFromCSREx): ");
 
-    const uint64_t indptr[] = {0, 22};
+    const size_t indptr[] = {0, 22};
-    const uint32_t indices[] = {1,  9,  19, 21, 24, 34, 36, 39,  42,  53,  56,
+    const unsigned indices[] = {1, 9, 19, 21, 24, 34, 36, 39, 42, 53, 56, 65,
-                                65, 69, 77, 86, 88, 92, 95, 102, 106, 117, 122};
+      69, 77, 86, 88, 92, 95, 102, 106, 117, 122};
     const float data[] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
       1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
 
     DMatrixHandle dmat;
-    char j_indptr[128];
+    safe_xgboost(XGDMatrixCreateFromCSREx(indptr, indices, data, 2, 22, 127,
-    MakeArrayInterface((size_t)indptr, 2ul, "<u8", sizeof(j_indptr), j_indptr);
+      &dmat));
-    char j_indices[128];
-    MakeArrayInterface((size_t)indices, sizeof(indices) / sizeof(uint32_t), "<u4",
-                       sizeof(j_indices), j_indices);
-    char j_data[128];
-    MakeArrayInterface((size_t)data, sizeof(data) / sizeof(float), "<f4", sizeof(j_data), j_data);
-
-    char j_config[64];
-    MakeConfig(0, sizeof(j_config), j_config);
-
-    safe_xgboost(XGDMatrixCreateFromCSR(j_indptr, j_indices, j_data, 127, j_config, &dmat));
 
     const float* out_result = NULL;
 
@@ -173,34 +145,25 @@ int main() {
   }
 
   {
-    printf("Sparse Matrix Example (XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC): ");
+    printf("Sparse Matrix Example (XGDMatrixCreateFromCSCEx): ");
 
-    const uint64_t indptr[] = {
+    const size_t col_ptr[] = {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,
-        0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  3,  3,
+      2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 8,
-        4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  5,  6,  6,  7,  7,  7,  8,  8,  8,  9,
+      8, 8, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11,
-        9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  9,  10, 10, 10, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11,
+      11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14,
-        12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15,
+      14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18,
-        15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20,
+      18, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20,
-        20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22};
+      20, 21, 21, 21, 21, 21, 22, 22, 22, 22, 22};
 
-    const uint32_t indices[] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+    const unsigned indices[] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
 
     const float data[] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0,
       1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0};
 
-    char j_indptr[128];
-    MakeArrayInterface((size_t)indptr, 128ul, "<u8", sizeof(j_indptr), j_indptr);
-    char j_indices[128];
-    MakeArrayInterface((size_t)indices, sizeof(indices) / sizeof(unsigned), "<u4",
-                       sizeof(j_indices), j_indices);
-    char j_data[128];
-    MakeArrayInterface((size_t)data, sizeof(data) / sizeof(float), "<f4", sizeof(j_data), j_data);
-
-    char j_config[64];
-    MakeConfig(0, sizeof(j_config), j_config);
-
     DMatrixHandle dmat;
-    safe_xgboost(XGDMatrixCreateFromCSC(j_indptr, j_indices, j_data, 1, j_config, &dmat));
+    safe_xgboost(XGDMatrixCreateFromCSCEx(col_ptr, indices, data, 128, 22, 1,
+      &dmat));
 
     const float* out_result = NULL;
 

demo/dask/cpu_survival.py

@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@ Example of training survival model with Dask on CPU
 
 """
 
-import os
-
-import dask.dataframe as dd
-from dask.distributed import Client, LocalCluster
-
 import xgboost as xgb
+import os
 from xgboost.dask import DaskDMatrix
-
+import dask.dataframe as dd
+from dask.distributed import Client
+from dask.distributed import LocalCluster
 
 def main(client):
     # Load an example survival data from CSV into a Dask data frame.

demo/dask/cpu_training.py

@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ Example of training with Dask on CPU
 ====================================
 
 """
-from dask import array as da
-from dask.distributed import Client, LocalCluster
-
 import xgboost as xgb
 from xgboost.dask import DaskDMatrix
+from dask.distributed import Client
+from dask.distributed import LocalCluster
+from dask import array as da
 
 
 def main(client):

demo/dask/dask_callbacks.py

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ Example of using callbacks with Dask
 ====================================
 """
 import numpy as np
-from dask.distributed import Client, LocalCluster
-from dask_ml.datasets import make_regression
-from dask_ml.model_selection import train_test_split
-
 import xgboost as xgb
 from xgboost.dask import DaskDMatrix
+from dask.distributed import Client
+from dask.distributed import LocalCluster
+from dask_ml.datasets import make_regression
+from dask_ml.model_selection import train_test_split
 
 
 def probability_for_going_backward(epoch):

demo/dask/gpu_training.py

@@ -2,12 +2,11 @@
 Example of training with Dask on GPU
 ====================================
 """
+from dask_cuda import LocalCUDACluster
 import dask_cudf
+from dask.distributed import Client
 from dask import array as da
 from dask import dataframe as dd
-from dask.distributed import Client
-from dask_cuda import LocalCUDACluster
-
 import xgboost as xgb
 from xgboost import dask as dxgb
 from xgboost.dask import DaskDMatrix
@@ -38,22 +37,25 @@ def using_dask_matrix(client: Client, X, y):
 
 
 def using_quantile_device_dmatrix(client: Client, X, y):
-    """`DaskQuantileDMatrix` is a data type specialized for `gpu_hist` and `hist` tree
+    '''`DaskDeviceQuantileDMatrix` is a data type specialized for `gpu_hist`, tree
-     methods for reducing memory usage.
+     method that reduces memory overhead.  When training on GPU pipeline, it's
+     preferred over `DaskDMatrix`.
 
     .. versionadded:: 1.2.0
 
-    """
+    '''
+    # Input must be on GPU for `DaskDeviceQuantileDMatrix`.
     X = dask_cudf.from_dask_dataframe(dd.from_dask_array(X))
     y = dask_cudf.from_dask_dataframe(dd.from_dask_array(y))
 
-    # `DaskQuantileDMatrix` is used instead of `DaskDMatrix`, be careful that it can not
+    # `DaskDeviceQuantileDMatrix` is used instead of `DaskDMatrix`, be careful
-    # be used for anything else other than training unless a reference is specified. See
+    # that it can not be used for anything else other than training.
-    # the `ref` argument of `DaskQuantileDMatrix`.
     dtrain = dxgb.DaskQuantileDMatrix(client, X, y)
-    output = xgb.dask.train(
+    output = xgb.dask.train(client,
-        client, {"verbosity": 2, "tree_method": "gpu_hist"}, dtrain, num_boost_round=4
+                            {'verbosity': 2,
-    )
+                             'tree_method': 'gpu_hist'},
+                            dtrain,
+                            num_boost_round=4)
 
     prediction = xgb.dask.predict(client, output, X)
     return prediction

demo/dask/sklearn_cpu_training.py

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 Use scikit-learn regressor interface with CPU histogram tree method
 ===================================================================
 """
+from dask.distributed import Client
+from dask.distributed import LocalCluster
 from dask import array as da
-from dask.distributed import Client, LocalCluster
-
 import xgboost
 
 

demo/dask/sklearn_gpu_training.py

@@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ Use scikit-learn regressor interface with GPU histogram tree method
 ===================================================================
 """
 
-from dask import array as da
 from dask.distributed import Client
-
 # It's recommended to use dask_cuda for GPU assignment
 from dask_cuda import LocalCUDACluster
-
+from dask import array as da
 import xgboost
 
 

demo/data/gen_autoclaims.R

@@ -1,31 +1,18 @@
 site <- 'http://cran.r-project.org'
-if (!require('dummies')) {
+if (!require('dummies'))
     install.packages('dummies', repos=site)
-}
+if (!require('insuranceData'))
-if (!require('insuranceData')) {
     install.packages('insuranceData', repos=site)
-}
 
 library(dummies)
 library(insuranceData)
 
 data(AutoClaims)
-data <- AutoClaims
+data = AutoClaims
 
-data$STATE <- as.factor(data$STATE)
+data$STATE = as.factor(data$STATE)
-data$CLASS <- as.factor(data$CLASS)
+data$CLASS = as.factor(data$CLASS)
-data$GENDER <- as.factor(data$GENDER)
+data$GENDER = as.factor(data$GENDER)
 
-data.dummy <- dummy.data.frame(
+data.dummy <- dummy.data.frame(data, dummy.class='factor', omit.constants=TRUE);
-    data
+write.table(data.dummy, 'autoclaims.csv', sep=',', row.names=F, col.names=F, quote=F)
-    , dummy.class = 'factor'
-    , omit.constants = TRUE
-)
-write.table(
-    data.dummy
-    , 'autoclaims.csv'
-    , sep = ','
-    , row.names = FALSE
-    , col.names = FALSE
-    , quote = FALSE
-)

demo/gpu_acceleration/cover_type.py

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-import time
+import xgboost as xgb
-
 from sklearn.datasets import fetch_covtype
 from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
-
+import time
-import xgboost as xgb
 
 # Fetch dataset using sklearn
 cov = fetch_covtype()

demo/guide-python/basic_walkthrough.py

@@ -9,13 +9,12 @@ interfaces in the Python package like scikit-learn interface and Dask interface.
 See :doc:`/python/python_intro` and :doc:`/tutorials/index` for other references.
 
 """
-import os
-import pickle
-
 import numpy as np
-from sklearn.datasets import load_svmlight_file
+import pickle
-
 import xgboost as xgb
+import os
+
+from sklearn.datasets import load_svmlight_file
 
 # Make sure the demo knows where to load the data.
 CURRENT_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))

demo/guide-python/boost_from_prediction.py

@@ -3,23 +3,19 @@ Demo for boosting from prediction
 =================================
 """
 import os
-
 import xgboost as xgb
 
+
 CURRENT_DIR = os.path.dirname(__file__)
-dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(
+dtrain = xgb.DMatrix(os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, '../data/agaricus.txt.train'))
-    os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, "../data/agaricus.txt.train?format=libsvm")
+dtest = xgb.DMatrix(os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, '../data/agaricus.txt.test'))
-)
+watchlist = [(dtest, 'eval'), (dtrain, 'train')]
-dtest = xgb.DMatrix(
-    os.path.join(CURRENT_DIR, "../data/agaricus.txt.test?format=libsvm")
-)
-watchlist = [(dtest, "eval"), (dtrain, "train")]
 ###
 # advanced: start from a initial base prediction
 #
-print("start running example to start from a initial prediction")
+print('start running example to start from a initial prediction')
 # specify parameters via map, definition are same as c++ version
-param = {"max_depth": 2, "eta": 1, "objective": "binary:logistic"}
+param = {'max_depth': 2, 'eta': 1, 'objective': 'binary:logistic'}
 # train xgboost for 1 round
 bst = xgb.train(param, dtrain, 1, watchlist)
 # Note: we need the margin value instead of transformed prediction in
@@ -31,5 +27,5 @@ ptest = bst.predict(dtest, output_margin=True)
 dtrain.set_base_margin(ptrain)
 dtest.set_base_margin(ptest)
 
-print("this is result of running from initial prediction")
+print('this is result of running from initial prediction')
 bst = xgb.train(param, dtrain, 1, watchlist)

demo/guide-python/callbacks.py

@@ -4,16 +4,14 @@ Demo for using and defining callback functions
 
     .. versionadded:: 1.3.0
 '''
-import argparse
+import xgboost as xgb
-import os
 import tempfile
-
+import os
 import numpy as np
-from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
 from sklearn.datasets import load_breast_cancer
 from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
-
+from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
-import xgboost as xgb
+import argparse
 
 
 class Plotting(xgb.callback.TrainingCallback):

demo/guide-python/categorical.py

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
 Getting started with categorical data
 =====================================
 
-Experimental support for categorical data.
+Experimental support for categorical data.  After 1.5 XGBoost `gpu_hist` tree method has
+experimental support for one-hot encoding based tree split, and in 1.6 `approx` support
+was added.
 
 In before, users need to run an encoder themselves before passing the data into XGBoost,
 which creates a sparse matrix and potentially increase memory usage.  This demo